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The salt effect: kinetics and thermodynamics
The salt effect: kinetics and thermodynamics
The primary kinetic salt effect is reviewed and a generalized Brönsted–Bjerrum equation is presented. The class...
Introduction to electrochemical science using Legendre transforms
Introduction to electrochemical science using Legendre transforms
The Legendre transform is a mathematical method that is very useful for finding basic equations that describe electrical s...
(+)-Nootkatone, the flavor of grapefruit
(+)-Nootkatone, the flavor of grapefruit
Nootkatone is one of the most valuable citrus flavors. Originally isolated from the heartwood of the Nootka cypress (Calli...
Tyrosinases: a family of copper-containing metalloenzymes
Tyrosinases: a family of copper-containing metalloenzymes
Tyrosinases (TYRs) are a family of copper-containing metalloenzymes that are present in all domains of life. TYRs catalyze...
The ideal gas law: derivations and intellectual background
The ideal gas law: derivations and intellectual background
A detailed overview of the origins and possible derivations of the ideal gas law are given in this lecture text. The tacit...
Periodic arrangements of closely packed spheres
Periodic arrangements of closely packed spheres
The symmetry aspects of close packing of hexagonal layers of equal spheres are usually presented with reference to the two...
Systematic toxicological analysis in forensic and clinical laboratories: a challenging task of analytical chemistry
Systematic toxicological analysis in forensic and clinical laboratories: a challenging task of analytical chemistry
This lecture text presents the chemical analysis used for the investigation of a suspected poisoning in clinical and foren...
Arylation of C=C bonds via non-cross-coupling reactions: historical evolution of the Meerwein arylation mechanisms
Arylation of C=C bonds via non-cross-coupling reactions: historical evolution of the Meerwein arylation mechanisms
The arylation of olefines had a milestone year in 1939 when Hans Meerwein (1879–1965) reported that olefins could re...
The chemistry behind paper restoration: diagnostic techniques and cutting-edge innovation
The chemistry behind paper restoration: diagnostic techniques and cutting-edge innovation
The conservation of ancient paper and manuscripts is a complex and evolving field that combines historical understanding, ...
Le Chatelier’s principle for constant pressure reactions: a mnemonic diagram to judge potential pitfalls
Le Chatelier’s principle for constant pressure reactions: a mnemonic diagram to judge potential pitfalls
Le Chatelier’s principle is widely applied in undergraduate chemistry to predict responses to perturbations in equil...
Photochemistry of the retinal chromophore in the process of seeing (vision)
Photochemistry of the retinal chromophore in the process of seeing (vision)
The process of vision is a complex biochemical process that involves the participation of two types of retinal photorecept...
Application of the van’t Hoff equation to phase equilibria
Application of the van’t Hoff equation to phase equilibria
van’t Hoff and Clausius–Clapeyron equations correspond to chemical and phase equilibria, respectively, but the...
Changes in scientific publishing and possible impact on authors’ choice of journals
Changes in scientific publishing and possible impact on authors’ choice of journals
Choosing the journal to which submit the results of a scientific work constitutes an important and challenging decision. I...
Pressure-sensitive acrylic adhesives (PSAs): how it began and the present state of art
Pressure-sensitive acrylic adhesives (PSAs): how it began and the present state of art
Pressure-sensitive adhesives, especially acrylate-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, are the main group of polymers used ...
Coal: exploration, reserves, and utilization
Coal: exploration, reserves, and utilization
Coal exploration is a very demanding task, highly dependent on geological and economic factors and the utilization of coal...
How the concept of chemical affinity evolved and how it contributed to chemical science
How the concept of chemical affinity evolved and how it contributed to chemical science
This historiographic paper traces the evolution of the concept of chemical affinity from its antique origins until the end...
Introduction to neutron scattering
Introduction to neutron scattering
Neutron scattering is a very high-performance method for studying the structure and dynamics of condensed matter with simi...
On entering academia: advice to students in today’s corporate academic world
On entering academia: advice to students in today’s corporate academic world
What used to be the practice of science and research – the understanding of natural phenomena – has undergone ...
An overview of surface forces and the DLVO theory
An overview of surface forces and the DLVO theory
This lecture text focuses on surface forces and interactions in a liquid medium, with particular emphasis on the surface-s...
Closed-form expressions for monoprotic weak acid aqueous solutions
Closed-form expressions for monoprotic weak acid aqueous solutions
A general closed-form expression for $$_\textrm^+]}$$ of solutions of a weak acid and a weak acid buffer, as well as their...
The paths to the atomic structures of proteins and nucleic acids
The paths to the atomic structures of proteins and nucleic acids
Atomic structures of large biological molecules were first established by scattering X-rays in protein crystals and later ...
A self-contained introduction to the statistical mechanics of ideal gases and chemical equilibrium
A self-contained introduction to the statistical mechanics of ideal gases and chemical equilibrium
This short but focused discussion about the most relevant aspects of statistical mechanics (SM) is addressed to chemists, ...
Migraine drugs
Migraine drugs
According to recent studies, migraine affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, making it one of the world’s mos...
Molybdenum and tungsten: oxides, suboxides and oxide hydrates
Molybdenum and tungsten: oxides, suboxides and oxide hydrates
Synthesis, analysis, structure and applications of molybdenum and tungsten trioxides and dioxides as well as mixed-valence...
Gustav Theodor Fechner as natural scientist
Gustav Theodor Fechner as natural scientist
To understand the present state of science, it is necessary to know its history. Gustav Theodor Fechner was one of the las...
Chemistry in light-induced 3D printing
Chemistry in light-induced 3D printing
In the last few years, 3D printing has evolved from its original niche applications, such as rapid prototyping and hobbyis...
Chemistry and geology of coal: nature, composition, coking, gasification, liquefaction, production of chemicals, formation, peatification, coalification, coal types, and ranks
Chemistry and geology of coal: nature, composition, coking, gasification, liquefaction, production of chemicals, formation, peatification, coalification, coal types, and ranks
As probably the most complex natural (geological) material, as well as a parent of the industrial revolution and the most ...
How chemistry shaped societies: the case of the Atacama Desert in Chile
How chemistry shaped societies: the case of the Atacama Desert in Chile
Could the driest place in the world be a source of wealth for a country? This is the case for Chile and the Atacama Desert...
Natives of the Russian Empire in the laboratory of Jaroslav Heyrovský
Natives of the Russian Empire in the laboratory of Jaroslav Heyrovský
In the 1920s, due to the First World War and subsequent events in the Soviet Union, many educated and ambitious young peop...
Fundamentals of froth flotation
Fundamentals of froth flotation
Froth flotation is a physicochemical process that is used to separate fine mineral particles from aqueous suspensions by s...
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