Agrawal S, Singh V, Singh C, Singh A (2022) A review on pathophysiological aspects of sleep deprivation. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220512092718

Article  Google Scholar 

Akkaoui MA, Palagini L, Geoffroy PA (2023) Sleep immune cross talk and insomnia. Adv Exp Med Biol 1411:263–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_12

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ananieva EA, Powell JD, Hutson SM (2016) Leucine metabolism in T cell activation: mTOR signaling and beyond. Adv Nutr 7(4):798s–805s. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.011221

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M (2019) The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiol Rev 99(3):1325–1380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Biard K, Douglass AB, De Koninck J (2015) The effects of galantamine and buspirone on sleep structure: Implications for understanding sleep abnormalities in major depression. J Psychopharmacol 29(10):1106–1111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115598413

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bogatyreva NS, Finkelstein AV, Galzitskaya OV (2006) Trend of amino acid composition of proteins of different taxa. J Bioinform Comput Biol 4(2):597–608. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219720006002016

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Borker PV, Macatangay BJ, Margolick JB, Punjabi NM, Rinaldo CR, Stosor V, Hyong-Jin Cho J, McKay H, Patel SR (2024) Shorter total sleep time is associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in virally suppressed men with HIV. Sleep Adv 5(1):zpae001. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae001

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S (2016) Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol 40(4):304–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21965

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chan NY, Chan JWY, Li SX, Wing YK (2021) Non-pharmacological approaches for management of insomnia. Neurotherapeutics 18(1):32–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01029-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang KJ, Wu HY, Chiang PH, Hsu YT, Weng PY, Yu TH, Li CY, Chen YH, Dai HJ, Tsai HY, Chang YJ, Wu YR, Yang YP, Li CT, Hsu CC, Chen SJ, Chen YC, Cheng CY, Hsieh AR, Chiou SH (2024) Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization. J Adv Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.015

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Lu T, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Stewart ID, Butler-Laporte G, Nakanishi T, Cerani A, Liang KYH, Yoshiji S, Willett JDS, Su CY, Raina P, Greenwood CMT, Farjoun Y, Forgetta V, Langenberg C, Zhou S, Ohlsson C, Richards JB (2023) Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases. Nat Genet 55(1):44–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01270-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Feng W, Yang Z, Liu Y, Chen R, Song Z, Pan G, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Ding X, Chen L, Wang Y (2023) Gut microbiota: A new target of traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia. Biomed Pharmacother 160:114344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114344

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fernandes CG, Rodrigues MDN, Seminotti B, Colín-González AL, Santamaria A, Quincozes-Santos A, Wajner M (2016) Induction of a proinflammatory response in cortical astrocytes by the major metabolites accumulating in HMG-CoA lyase deficiency: the role of ERK signaling pathway in cytokine release. Mol Neurobiol 53(6):3586–3595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9289-9

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fritz J, Huang T, Depner CM, Zeleznik OA, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Li W, Stone KL, Manson JE, Clish C, Sofer T, Schernhammer E, Rexrode K, Redline S, Wright KP, Vetter C (2023) Sleep duration, plasma metabolites, and obesity and diabetes: a metabolome-wide association study in US women. Sleep. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac226

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E (2021) Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 4(1):1304. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garrido-Rodríguez V, Herrero-Fernández I, Castro MJ, Castillo A, Rosado-Sánchez I, Galvá MI, Ramos R, Olivas-Martínez I, Bulnes-Ramos Á, Cañizares J, Leal M, Pacheco YM (2021) Immunological features beyond CD4/CD8 ratio values in older individuals. Aging Albany NY 13(10):13443–13459. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203109

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goetzman ES, Zhang BB, Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Bons J, Rose J, Shah S, Solo KJ, Schmidt AV, Richert AC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Rao KS, Shiva SS, Pfister KE, Silva Barbosa A, Sims-Lucas S, Dobrowolski SF, Schilling B (2024) Dietary dicarboxylic acids provide a non-storable alternative fat source that protects mice against obesity. J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci174186

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo L, Huang Y, He J, Li D, Li W, Xiao H, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang R (2024) Associations of lifestyle characteristics with circulating immune markers in the general population based on NHANES 1999 to 2014. Sci Rep 14(1):13444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63875-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Han Y, Song Z, Li W, Ke P, Wu X (2024) Analysis of the correlation between immune cell characteristics and insomnia: a Mendelian randomization study. J Neurophysiol 131(2):176–186. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00429.2023

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Humer E, Pieh C, Brandmayr G (2020) Metabolomics in sleep insomnia and sleep apnea. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197244

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Imeri L, Opp MR (2009) How and why the immune system makes us sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(3):199–210. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2576

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kay-Stacey M, Attarian H (2016) Advances in the management of chronic insomnia. BMJ 354:i2123. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2123

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kowash HM, Potter HG, Woods RM, Ashton N, Hager R, Neill JC, Glazier JD (2022) Maternal immune activation in rats induces dysfunction of placental leucine transport and alters fetal brain growth. Clin Sci Lond 136(15):1117–1137. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20220245

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li H, Seugnet L (2025) Decoding the nexus: branched-chain amino acids and their connection with sleep, circadian rhythms, and cardiometabolic health. Neural Regen Res 20(5):1350–1363. https://doi.org/10.4103/nrr.Nrr-d-23-02020

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li R, Huang X, Liang X, Su M, Lai KP, Chen J (2021a) Integrated omics analysis reveals the alteration of gut microbe-metabolites in obese adults. Brief Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa165

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li T, Ning N, Li B, Luo D, Qin E, Yu W, Wang J, Yang G, Nan N, He Z, Yang N, Gong S, Li J, Liu A, Sun Y, Li Z, Jia T, Gao J, Zhang W, Huang Y, Hou J, Xue Y, Li D, Wei Z, Zhang L, Li B, Wang H (2021b) Longitudinal metabolomics reveals ornithine cycle dysregulation correlates with inflammation and coagulation in COVID-19 severe patients. Front Microbiol 12:723818. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.723818

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nie L, Pan XL, Zhang XB, Zhang S, Rao JX, Su ZF (2022) Research on the correlation of immunity in patients with chronic insomnia. Front Psychiatry 13:1034405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1034405

Article  PubMed