Baker J, Falconer AMD, Wilkinson DJ. Protein kinase D3 modulates MMP1 and MMP13 expression in human chondrocytes. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195864. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195864.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bernardo BC, Belluoccio D, Rowley L, Little CB, Hansen U, Bateman JF. Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP-2) is expressed in articular and meniscal cartilage and down-regulated in experimental osteoarthritis. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(43):37758–67. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.248039.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhosale AM, Richardson JB. Articular cartilage: Structure, injuries and review of management. Br Med Bull. 2008;87:77–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldn025.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carballo CB, Nakagawa Y, Sekiya I, Rodeo SA. Basic science of articular cartilage. Clin Sports Med. 2017;36(3):413–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2017.02.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ge Z, Li C, Heng BC, Cao G, Yang Z. Functional biomaterials for cartilage regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012;100(9):2526–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34147.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goldring SR, Goldring MB. Changes in the osteochondral unit during osteoarthritis: Structure, function and cartilage-bone crosstalk. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(11):632–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.148.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gozar H, Chira A, Nagy R, Derzsi Z. Medical use of finite element modeling of the ankle and foot. J Interdiscip Med. 2018;3(1):34–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang C, Hales BF. Effects of exposure to a DNA damaging agent on the hypoxia inducible factors in organogenesis stage mouse limbs. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051937.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jeon OH, Kim C, Laberge RM, Demaria M. Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nat Med. 2017;23(6):775–81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4324.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ji Q, Zheng Y, Zhang G, Hu Y, Fan X, Hou Y, et al. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the progression of human osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(1):100–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212863.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kaczmarek M, Cachau RE, Topol IA, Kasprzak KS, Ghio A, Salnikow K. Metal ions-stimulated iron oxidation in hydroxylases facilitates stabilization of HIF-1 alpha protein. Toxicol Sci. 2009;107(2):394–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn251.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kleipool RP, Blankevoort L. The relation between geometry and function of the ankle joint complex: A biomechanical review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(5):618–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1088-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morales-Orcajo E, Souza T. R., Bayod, J., & Barbosa de Las Casas, E. Non-linear finite element model to assess the effect of tendon forces on the foot-ankle complex. Med Eng Phys. 2017;49:71–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.07.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prein C, Warmbold N, Farkas Z, Schieker M, Aszodi A, Clausen-Schaumann H. Structural and mechanical properties of the proliferative zone of the developing murine growth plate cartilage assessed by atomic force microscopy. Matrix Biol. 2016;50:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2015.10.001.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Quenneville CE, Dunning CE. Development of a finite element model of the tibia for short-duration high-force axial impact loading. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2011;14(2):205–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2010.548324.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Radin EL, Paul IL. Response of joints to impact loading. I. In vitro wear. Arthritis Rheum. 1971;14(3):356–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780140306.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saito T, Fukai A, Mabuchi A, Ikeda T, Yano F, Ohba S, et al. Transcriptional regulation of endochondral ossification by HIF-2alpha during skeletal growth and osteoarthritis development. Nat Med. 2010;16(6):678–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2146.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smolen C, Quenneville CE. A finite element model of the foot/ankle to evaluate injury risk in various postures. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(8):1993–2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-017-1844-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

St-Jacques B, Hammerschmidt M, McMahon AP. Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation. Genes Dev. 1999;13(16):2072–86. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.16.2072.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sun, H., Wen, X., Li, H., Wu, P., Gu, M., Zhao, X., . . . Zhang, Z. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identifies meniscus progenitors and reveals the progression of meniscus degeneration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79(3), 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215926

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

van der Sluijs JA, Geesink RG, van der Linden AJ, Bulstra SK, Kuyer R, Drukker J. The reliability of the Mankin score for osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(1):58–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100100107.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang T, Wang J, Sun Z, Zhang L, Yu C, Zhao H, et al. Single-cell RNA sequence presents atlas analysis for chondrocytes in the talus and reveals the potential mechanism in coping with mechanical stress. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:1047119. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1047119.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wong DW, Niu W, Wang Y, Zhang M. Finite element analysis of foot and ankle impact injury: Risk evaluation of calcaneus and talus fracture. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0154435. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154435.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wong M, Carter DR. Articular cartilage functional histomorphology and mechanobiology: A research perspective. Bone. 2003;33(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00083-8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wright RW. Osteoarthritis classification scales: Interobserver reliability and arthroscopic correlation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(14):1145–51. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.m.00929.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yao Y, Xiao Z, Wong S, Hsu YC, Cheng T, Chang CC, et al. The effects of oxidative stress on the compressive damage thresholds of C2C12 mouse myoblasts: Implications for deep tissue injury. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015;43(2):287–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1239-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu J, Zhu Y, Xiao W, Hu Y, Li Y. Instability and excessive mechanical loading mediate subchondral bone changes to induce osteoarthritis. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(6):350. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.02.103.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar