aDepartment of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya

bDivision of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe

cNishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Center, Nishinomiya, Japan

Correspondence to Yoshiro Naito, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1–1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan. Tel: +81 798 45 6553; fax: 81 798 45 6551; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: A, peak filling velocity at atrial contraction; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Dcyt-b, duodenal cytochrome b; DMT-1, divalent metal transporter 1; E, peak early diastolic filling velocity; Epo, erythropoietin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HIF-PH, hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase; LV, left ventricle; TSAT, transferrin saturation

Received 29 July, 2023

Revised 10 November, 2023

Accepted 14 November, 2023