aDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

bDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen and Marburg, Germany

cGlobal Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

dHypertension Center Munich, a European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Center of Excellence, Munich, Germany

eInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

fKora Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

gDeutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partnersite Munich

hHypertension Center Munich, a European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Center of Excellence

iChair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

Correspondence to Dr Seryan Atasoy, Deparment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Langerstr. 3, 81675 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; ESH, European Society of Hypertension

Received 4 July, 2023

Revised 30 October, 2023

Accepted 13 November, 2023