Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet 2019, 393(10182):1745–1759.

Lee DM, Weinblatt ME. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2001;358(9285):903–11.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697–707.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lohmander LS. What can we do about osteoarthritis? Arthritis Res Ther. 2000;2(2):95.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Zhang M, Wang T, Li Y, Wei M. Influence factors of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Open Med (Wars). 2020;15(1):787–95.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Figus FA, Piga M, Azzolin I, McConnell R, Iagnocco A. Rheumatoid arthritis: extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(4):102776.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tudorachi NB, Totu T, Eva I, Bărbieru B, Totu EE, Fifere A, Pinteală T, Sîrbu PD, Ardeleanu V. Knee osteoarthritis in relation to the risk factors of the metabolic Syndrome Components and Environment of Origin. J Clin Med. 2022;11(24):7302.

Article  Google Scholar 

Turesson C, Bergström U, Pikwer M, Nilsson J, Jacobsson LT. High serum cholesterol predicts rheumatoid arthritis in women, but not in men: a prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:284.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ageing Europe - statistics on population developments. [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Ageing_Europe_-_statistics_on_population_developments#Older_people_.E2.80.94_population_overview]

Li C, Liu T, Sun W, Wu L, Zou ZY. Prevalence and risk factors of arthritis in a middle-aged and older Chinese population: the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(4):697–706.

Article  Google Scholar 

Collaborators GRA. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(10):e594–610.

Article  Google Scholar 

Collaborators GRA. Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990–2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(9):e508–22.

Article  Google Scholar 

Elgaddal N, Kramarow EA, Weeks JD, Reuben C: Arthritis in Adults Age 18 and Older: United States, 2022: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and &#8230.

Targońska-Stępniak B, Majdan M. Associations between parameters of nutritional status and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2011;121(4):122–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hang Y, Qin X, Ren T, Cao J. Baicalin reduces blood lipids and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease and rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17(1):146.

Article  Google Scholar 

Charles-Schoeman C, Wang X, Lee YY, Shahbazian A, Navarro-Millán I, Yang S, Chen L, Cofield SS, Moreland LW, O’Dell J, et al. Association of Triple Therapy with Improvement in cholesterol profiles over two-year followup in the treatment of early aggressive rheumatoid arthritis trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(3):577–86.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Wu M, Du R, Tang F, Xu M, Gu T, Yang Q. The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and hyperuricaemia. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):187.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang RH, Zhou JB, Cai YH, Shu LP, Simó R, Lecube A. Non-linear association between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary function: a population-based study. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):292.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li ZH, Lv YB, Zhong WF, Gao X, Byers Kraus V, Zou MC, Zhang XR, Li FR, Yuan JQ, Shi XM, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause and cause-Specific Mortality among the Elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(8):3370–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ma G, Xu B, Wang Z, Duan W, Chen X, Zhu L, Yang B, Zhang D, Qin X, Yin H, et al. Non-linear association of sleep duration with osteoarthritis among U.S. middle-aged and older adults. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3565.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cai M, Wu X, Jin H, Li Z, Li Y, Chen Z. Association of serum folate concentrations with cancer mortality among patients with arthritis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3494.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Borsch-Supan A, Brandt M, Hunkler C, Kneip T, Korbmacher J, Malter F, Schaan B, Stuck S, Zuber S, Team SCC. Data Resource Profile: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(4):992–1001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Börsch-Supan A, Jürges H. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe– Methodology. In. Edited by (MEA) MRIftEoA. Mannheim; 2005.

Börsch-Supan A, Jürges H. SHARE Wave 7 Methodology: Panel Innovations and Life Histories. In. Edited by (MEA) MCftEoA. Munich; 2019.

Malter FAB-S. SHARE Wave 6: Panel innovations and collecting Dried Blood Spots. In. Edited by (MEA) MCftEoA. Munich; 2017.

Qiu F, Li J, Gan L, Legerlotz K. Arthritis prevalence is associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors but not with physical activity in middle-aged and older patients - a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):242.

Article  Google Scholar 

Daniel WW. The Fisher exact test. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences 7th ed New York: John Wiley and Sons 1999:606–611.

Durrleman S, Simon R. Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med. 1989;8(5):551–61.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Muhammad Achirul Nanda KBSDNAM. Discriminant Analysis as a Tool for detecting the acoustic signals of termites Coptotermes Curvignathus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Int J Technol. 2018;9(4):291–319.

Google Scholar 

Rogerson PA. Data reduction: factor analysis and cluster analysis. Stat Methods Geogr. 2001;2001:192–7.

Google Scholar 

Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, López-Mejías R, Alonso-Castro S, Abal F, Ballina-García FJ, González-Gay M, Suárez A. High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential link among inflammation, oxidative status, and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. J Clin Lipidol. 2017;11(4):1043–e10541042.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ye L, Zhang X, Wu H, Chen Y, Zhou H, Wang Q, Xu W. Insulin resistance and adverse lipid profile in untreated very early rheumatoid arthritis patients: a single-center, cross-sectional study in China. Archives Rheumatol. 2022;37(4):593–602.

Article  Google Scholar 

Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Kremers HM, Fitz-Gibbon PD, Therneau TM, Gabriel SE. Total cholesterol and LDL levels decrease before rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1310–4.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rosenson RS. Myocardial injury: the acute phase response and lipoprotein metabolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(3):933–40.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Carpentier YA, Scruel O. Changes in the concentration and composition of plasma lipoproteins during the acute phase response. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002;5(2):153–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fang M, Lei J, Hu W, Yang J, Lei T, Lei Y, Hua L. HDL-C is inversely associated with the incidence of osteoarthritis among the USA: evidence from the NHANES program of 1999–2020. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):31228.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Aspden RM, Scheven BA, Hutchison JD. Osteoarthritis as a systemic disorder including stromal cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Lancet. 2001;357(9262):1118–20.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Schwager JL, Nevitt MC, Torner J, Lewis CE, Matthan NR, Wang N, Sun X, Lichtenstein AH, Felson D. Association of Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein, and total cholesterol with development of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74(2):274–80.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Charles-Schoeman C, Watanabe J, Lee YY, Furst DE, Amjadi S, Elashoff D, Park G, McMahon M, Paulus HE, Fogelman AM, et al. Abnormal function of high-density lipoprotein is associated with poor disease control and an altered protein cargo in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(10):2870–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liao KP, Playford MP, Frits M, Coblyn JS, Iannaccone C, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NS, Mehta NN. The association between reduction in inflammation and changes in lipoprotein levels and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc 2015, 4(2).

van Halm VP, Nielen MM, Nurmohamed MT, van Schaardenburg D, Reesink HW, Voskuyl AE, Twisk JW, van de Stadt RJ, de Koning MH, Habibuw MR, et al. Lipids and inflammation: serial measurements of the lipid profile of blood donors who later developed rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(2):184–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T. Accumulation of metabolic risk factors such as overweight, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and impaired glucose tolerance raises the risk of occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year follow-up of the ROAD study. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2012;20(11):1217–26.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Monira Hussain S, Wang Y, Cicuttini FM, Simpson JA, Giles GG, Graves S, Wluka AE. Incidence of total knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis in relation to the metabolic syndrome and its components: a prospective cohort study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;43(4):429–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Garessus EDG, de Mutsert R, Visser AW, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M. No association between impaired glucose metabolism and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2016;24(9):1541–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li X, Li L, Xing Y, Cheng T, Ren S, Ma H. Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Diabetes Res 2020, 2020:5470739.

An J, Fu D, Chen X, Guan C, Li L, Bai J, Lv H. Revisiting the role of IL-27 in obesity-related metabolic diseases: safeguard or perturbation? Front Immunol. 2024;15:1498288.