Auphan N, DiDonato JA, Rosette C, Helmberg A, Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science. 1995;270(5234):286–90. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5234.286.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, et al. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2013;9(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-9-30.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Drucker AM, Eyerich K, de Bruin-Weller MS, et al. Use of systemic corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis: International Eczema Council consensus statement. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(3):768–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15928.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Buonavoglia A, Leone P, Dammacco R, et al. Pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid: an update from diagnosis to therapy. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(4):349–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.005.
Overman RA, Yeh JY, Deal CL. Prevalence of oral glucocorticoid usage in the United States: a general population perspective. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(2):294–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.21796.
Marcus MW, Müskens RP, Ramdas WD, et al. Corticosteroids and open-angle glaucoma in the elderly: a population-based cohort study. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(12):963–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-012-0029-9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison J, et al. Population-based assessment of adverse events associated with long-term glucocorticoid use. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(3):420–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21984.
Borradori L, Van Beek N, Feliciani C, et al. Updated S2 K guidelines for the management of bullous pemphigoid initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(10):1689–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18220.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chams-Davatchi C, Esmaili N, Daneshpazhooh M, et al. Randomized controlled open-label trial of four treatment regimens for pemphigus vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(4):622–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.024.
Schmidt E, Sticherling M, Sárdy M, et al. S2k guidelines for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus and bullous pemphigoid: 2019 update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020;18(5):516–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.14097.
Yu SH, Drucker AM, Lebwohl M, Silverberg JI. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(4):733-740.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.074.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ramamoorthy S, Cidlowski JA. Corticosteroids: mechanisms of action in health and disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(1):15–vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(1):61–98. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kane SP. Corticosteroid Conversion Calculator. ClinCalc. Updated 24 October 2015. Available at: https://clincalc.com/Corticosteroids. Accessed 23 Feb 2024.
Gom I, Fukushima H, Shiraki M, et al. Relationship between serum albumin level and aging in community-dwelling self-supported elderly population. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2007;53(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.53.37.
Piper JM, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(9):735–40. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-735.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tseng CL, Chen YT, Huang CJ, et al. Short-term use of glucocorticoids and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding: a nationwide population-based case-crossover study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(5):599–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13298.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tornatore KM, Logue G, Venuto RC, Davis PJ. Pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in elderly and young healthy males. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(10):1118–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06219.x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2023. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/2023-gina-main-report/. Accessed 23 Aug 2023.
Bajaj JS, Wong F, Kamath PS, Lai JC, O’Leary JG. Acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(6):831–4. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001748.
Joly P, Roujeau JC, Benichou J, et al. Bullous Diseases French Study Group. A comparison of oral and topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(5):321–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa011592.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Da Silva JA, Jacobs JW, Kirwan JR, et al. Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(3):285–93.
Huscher D, Thiele K, Gromnica-Ihle E, et al. Dose-related patterns of glucocorticoid-induced side effects. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1119–24. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.092163.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al. Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med. 1994;96(2):115–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90131-7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ito SM, Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Suzuki H. Clinical importance of drug–drug interaction between warfarin and prednisolone and its potential mechanism in relation to the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1-mediated pathway. Circ J. 2019;83(2):471–80. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0807.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Smith SF. Lipocortin 1. glucocorticoids caught in the act? Thorax. 1996;51(10):1057–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.51.10.1057.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Coutinho AE, Chapman KE. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;335(1):2–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rice JB, White AG, Scarpati LM, Wan G, Nelson WW. Long-term systemic corticosteroid exposure: a systematic literature review. Clin Ther. 2017;39(11):2216–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.09.011.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Aging of the immune system. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(Suppl 5):S422–8. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201602-095AW.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fardet L, Petersen I, Nazareth I. Common infections in patients prescribed systemic glucocorticoids in primary care: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 2016;13(5): e1002024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002024.
Comments (0)