Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance

Graziani G, Tentori L, Navarra P. Ipilimumab: a novel immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Res. 2012;65:9–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yi M, Zheng X, Niu M, Zhu S, Ge H, Wu K. Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions. Mol Cancer. 2022;21:28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang C. Retifanlimab: first approval. Drugs. 2023;83:731–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Lee Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Lu H, Zang W, Zhao X, Liu L, Chen Y, Tan H, et al. Co-inhibitory molecule B7 Superfamily Member 1 expressed by Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells induces dysfunction of Anti-tumor CD8(+) T cells. Immunity. 2018;48:773–e786775.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vesely MD, Zhang T, Chen L. Resistance mechanisms to Anti-PD Cancer Immunotherapy. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022;40:45–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CPM, Alou MT, Daillere R, Fluckiger A, Messaoudene M, Rauber C, Roberti MP, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018;359:91–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pauken KE, Sammons MA, Odorizzi PM, Manne S, Godec J, Khan O, Drake AM, Chen Z, Sen DR, Kurachi M, et al. Epigenetic stability of exhausted T cells limits durability of reinvigoration by PD-1 blockade. Science. 2016;354:1160–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Das M, Zhu C, Kuchroo VK. Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev. 2017;276:97–111.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kouo T, Huang L, Pucsek AB, Cao M, Solt S, Armstrong T, Jaffee E. Galectin-3 shapes Antitumor Immune responses by suppressing CD8 + T cells via LAG-3 and inhibiting expansion of Plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res. 2015;3:412–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Wu G, Manick B, Hernandez V, Renelt M, Erickson C, Guan J, Singh R, Rollins S, Solorz A, et al. VSIG-3 as a ligand of VISTA inhibits human T-cell function. Immunology. 2019;156:74–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim TK, Herbst RS, Chen L. Defining and understanding adaptive resistance in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol. 2018;39:624–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Y, Yuan J, Righi E, Kamoun WS, Ancukiewicz M, Nezivar J, Santosuosso M, Martin JD, Martin MR, Vianello F, et al. Vascular normalizing doses of antiangiogenic treatment reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:17561–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peng W, Chen JQ, Liu C, Malu S, Creasy C, Tetzlaff MT, Xu C, McKenzie JA, Zhang C, Liang X, et al. Loss of PTEN promotes resistance to T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2016;6:202–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakajima EC, Vellanki PJ, Larkins E, Chatterjee S, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Bi Y, Qosa H, Liu J, Zhao H, Biable M, et al. FDA approval Summary: Nivolumab in Combination with Ipilimumab for the treatment of Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28:446–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vellanki PJ, Mulkey F, Jaigirdar AA, Rodriguez L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhao H, Liu J, Howe G, Wang J, et al. FDA approval Summary: Nivolumab with Ipilimumab and Chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell Lung Cancer, a collaborative project Orbis Review. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:3522–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim K, Skora AD, Li Z, Liu Q, Tam AJ, Blosser RL, Diaz LA Jr., Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S. Eradication of metastatic mouse cancers resistant to immune checkpoint blockade by suppression of myeloid-derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:11774–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wanderley CW, Colon DF, Luiz JPM, Oliveira FF, Viacava PR, Leite CA, Pereira JA, Silva CM, Silva CR, Silva RL, et al. Paclitaxel reduces Tumor Growth by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated macrophages to an M1 Profile in a TLR4-Dependent manner. Cancer Res. 2018;78:5891–900.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mascia F, Schloemann DT, Cataisson C, McKinnon KM, Krymskaya L, Wolcott KM, Yuspa SH. Cell autonomous or systemic EGFR blockade alters the immune-environment in squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:2593–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pollack BP, Sapkota B, Cartee TV. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition augments the expression of MHC class I and II genes. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:4400–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang Z, Lim SO, Yan M, Hsu JL, Yao J, Wei Y, Chang SS, Yamaguchi H, Lee HH, Ke B et al. TYRO3 induces anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance by limiting innate immunity and tumoral ferroptosis. J Clin Invest 2021, 131.

Ancevski Hunter K, Socinski MA, Villaruz LC. PD-L1 testing in guiding patient selection for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy in Lung Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther. 2018;22:1–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gandini S, Massi D, Mandala M. PD-L1 expression in cancer patients receiving anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;100:88–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang B, Huang T, Wei H, Shen L, Zhu D, He W, Chen Q, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang R, et al. The correlation and prognostic value of serum levels of soluble programmed death protein 1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2019;68:353–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pitt JM, Marabelle A, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: removing obstruction to anticancer immune responses and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:1482–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quaranta V, Ballaro C, Giannelli G. Macrophages orchestrate the liver Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024, 16.

Hollmen M, Karaman S, Schwager S, Lisibach A, Christiansen AJ, Maksimow M, Varga Z, Jalkanen S, Detmar M. G-CSF regulates macrophage phenotype and associates with poor overall survival in human triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1115177.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeong H, Kim S, Hong BJ, Lee CJ, Kim YE, Bok S, Oh JM, Gwak SH, Yoo MY, Lee MS, et al. Tumor-Associated macrophages enhance Tumor Hypoxia and Aerobic Glycolysis. Cancer Res. 2019;79:795–806.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bantug GR, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Hess C. The spectrum of T cell metabolism in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18:19–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Zeng Y, Qu Q, Zhu J, Liu Z, Ning W, Zeng H, Zhang N, Du W, Chen C, Huang JA. PD-L1 induced by IFN-gamma from tumor-associated macrophages via the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways promoted progression of lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017;22:1026–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ao JY, Zhu XD, Chai ZT, Cai H, Zhang YY, Zhang KZ, Kong LQ, Zhang N, Ye BG, Ma DN, Sun HC. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade inhibits Tumor Growth by altering the polarization of Tumor-Associated macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:1544–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif