Jeewanjot Singh, Department of pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India, PIN: 140111Follow
Devinder Kumar, Department of pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India, PIN: 140111Follow

In vivo models, In vitro models, Neuroprotection, Parkinson’s disease, Phytomedicine

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopaminergic neuronal loss,oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and a-synuclein aggregation. Despite advances, current treatments only offersymptomatic relief without altering disease progression. This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of plant-derived phytochemicals in PD through evidence from both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Key findingsindicate that rodent models (e.g., MPTP, rotenone) and neuronal cell lines (e.g., SH-SY5Y) help replicate PD pathologyand mechanistic insights. Phytochemicals such as baicalein, morin, ferulic acid, and bacopa demonstrate neuroprotectiveeffects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-stabilizing pathways. Nanotechnology and brain orga-noids further improve translational relevance. In conclusion, phytomedicines hold significant promise as adjunctive PDtherapies. However, challenges such as poor bioavailability, model variability, and lack of clinical validation must be addressed through standardized protocols and long-term studies.

Singh, Jeewanjot and Kumar, Devinder (2025) "In vivo and in vitro perspectives in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms and the role of phytomedicine," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis: Vol. 33 : Iss. 3 , Article 2.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3557

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