Smith RG et al (2019) ATP as a danger signal in metabolic diseases. Cell Metab 29(2):57–69

Google Scholar 

Johnson SD, Brown JA (2021) Chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and its therapeutic potential. Diabetes Rev 9(1):45–52

Google Scholar 

Miller MA et al (2018) Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflamm Dis J 22(3):101–112

Google Scholar 

Lee TH et al (2020) Pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 35(1):15–29

Google Scholar 

Gomez JF et al (2022) The purinergic system and its impact on immune responses in metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1745(2):153–167

Google Scholar 

Kumar V et al (2021) The role of adenosine in inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res 18(7):309–320

Google Scholar 

Anderson TP, Carter MD (2020) Exercise and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Exerc 12(3):45–57

Google Scholar 

Lammers MD, Anéli NM, de Oliveira GG, de Oliveira Maciel SFV, Zanini D, Mânica A, de Resende E Silva DT, Bagatini MD, Sévigny J, De Sá CA, Manfredi LH, Cardoso AM (2020) The anti-inflammatory effect of resistance training in hypertensive women: the role of purinergic signaling. J Hypertens 38(12):2490–2500

Moritz CEJ, Boeno FP, Vieira AF, Munhoz SV, Scholl JN, de Fraga DA, Pizzato PR, Figueiró F, Battastini AMO, Reischak-Oliveira A (2021) Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise promotes purinergic and inflammatory responses in sedentary, overweight and physically active subjects. Exp Physiol 106(4):1024–1037

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Mhanna SB, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Mohamed M, Batrakoulis A, Aldhahi MI, Afolabi HA, Yagin FH, Alhussain MH, Gülü M, Abubakar BD (2023) Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 15(1):165

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma X, Ai Y, Lei F, Tang X, Li Q, Huang Y, Zhan Y, Mao Q, Wang L, Lei F, Yi Q, Yang F, Yin X, He B, Zhou L, Ruan S (2024) Effect of blood flow-restrictive resistance training on metabolic disorder and body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 6(15):1409267

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen K, Wang Y, Li D, Li J, Huang Y, Huang M, Ma H (2024) Impact of diverse aerobic exercise plans on glycemic control, lipid levels, and functional activity in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 18(15):1389538

Article  Google Scholar 

Garcia MA et al (2021) Effects of exercise on glycemic control. J Diabetes Res 14(4):263–275

Google Scholar 

Perez CH et al (2023) Impact of exercise on purinergic signaling. J Physiol Exerc 58(4):234–245

Google Scholar 

Fernandes RL et al (2024) Purinergic modulation in type 2 diabetes. J Metab Dis 36(2):111–122

Google Scholar 

Wang SY, Zhu S, Wu J, Zhang M, Xu Y, Xu W, Cui J, Yu B, Cao W, Liu J (2020) Exercise enhances cardiac function by improving mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining energy homeostasis in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 98(2):245–261

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Annibalini G, Lucertini F, Agostini D, Vallorani L, Gioacchini A, Barbieri E, Guescini M, Casadei L, Passalia A, Del Sal M (2017) Concurrent aerobic and resistance training has anti-inflammatory effects and increases both plasma and leukocyte levels of IGF-1 in late middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:3937842

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lima LP et al (2019) Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and prediction of peak oxygen consumption by Incremental Shuttle Walking Test in healthy women. PLoS One. 14(2):e0211327

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leal DB, Streher CA, Neu TN, Bittencourt FP, Leal CA, da Silva JE, Morsch VM, Schetinger MR (2005) Characterization of NTPDase (NTPDase1; ecto-apyrase; ecto-diphosphohydrolase; CD39; EC 3.6.1.5) activity in human lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1721(1–3):9–15

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giusti G, Galanti B (1966) Metodo colorimetrico rapido per la determinazione di alcune attivita’ deaminasi [Rapid colorimetric method for determination of some deaminase activities]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 42(19):1312–1316

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lunkes DS et al (2003) ATP metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 52(7):1734–1741

Google Scholar 

Cekic C, Linden J (2016) Purinergic regulation of T lymphocytes. Immunopharmacology 41:319–325

Google Scholar 

Ferrari D et al (2016) Purinergic signaling in inflammation and metabolic disorders. Immunopharmacology 56(5):319–329

Google Scholar 

Antonioli L et al (2019) Purinergic modulation in immune responses. Clin Immunol 56(6):202–210

Google Scholar 

Kwilasz A, Garrison LM, Hargreaves KM (2015) P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors in immune cells. J Leukoc Biol 97(2):187–195

Google Scholar 

Lunkes DS et al (2008) ATP and purinergic signaling in diabetes mellitus. Purinergic Signalling 4(3):231–242

Google Scholar 

Junger WG (2011) Purinergic regulation of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 11(4):201–212

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yegutkin GG (2008) Adenosine and its receptors in the regulation of immune response. Curr Drug Targets 9(7):511–518

Google Scholar 

Nekoua MP et al (2016) Purinergic signaling in inflammation and diabetes. Immunology 148(1):89–101

Google Scholar 

Szablewski L, Sulima S (2017) Immune system in type 2 diabetes: a focus on lymphocytes. J Immunol 201(4):998–1007

Google Scholar 

Geerlings SE, Hoepelman AI (1999) Immune dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus (type 2). Clin Infect Dis 28(3):514–519

Google Scholar 

Donath MY, Shoelson SE (2011) Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11(2):98–107

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pereira RG et al (2018) Purinergic signaling in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 39(2):121–132

Google Scholar 

Maiorana A, O’Connor C, Olds T (2002) Exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25(5):93–99

Google Scholar 

Baggio S, De Giorgi R (2016) Purinergic modulation in immune responses. Purinergic Signal 12(4):341–350

Google Scholar 

Sanches FC et al (2018) Effects of exercise training on immune modulation in type 2 diabetes: the role of IL-10 and TNF-α. J Diabetes Metab 44(3):315–324

Google Scholar 

Donley, Eui Geum Oh, Herder A, Khosravi L, Lavin G, Lopes C (2014) The impact of exercise on IL-10 and IL-4 in chronic diseases. Purinergic Signal 16(2):120–128.

Abdi Z et al (2020) Effects of exercise on blood glucose and HbA1c in individuals with T2DM: a meta-analysis. J Clin Diabetes 15(5):185–194

Google Scholar 

Sampath Kumar R et al (2019) Exercise and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 68(1):25–33

Google Scholar 

Moghaddam MR, Jafari H, Zhang R (2022) Role of exercise in improving insulin sensitivity in diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 181:81–89

Google Scholar 

Chobanian AV et al (2003) Hypertension and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens 21(9):1777–1794

Google Scholar