Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY (2010) Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet 376(9735):124–136

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B (2018) IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 138:271–281

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung E, Elmassry MM, Cao JJ, Kaur G, Dufour JM, Hamood AN, Shen CL (2021) Beneficial effect of dietary geranylgeraniol on glucose homeostasis and bone microstructure in obese mice is associated with suppression of proinflammation and modification of gut microbiome. Nutr Res 93:27–37

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Groot P, Nikolic T, Pellegrini S, Sordi V, Imangaliyev S, Rampanelli E, Hanssen N, Attaye I, Bakker G, Duinkerken G, Joosten A, Prodan A, Levin E, Levels H, Potter van Loon B, van Bon A, Brouwer C, van Dam S, Simsek S, van Raalte D, Stam F, Gerdes V, Hoogma R, Diekman M, Gerding M, Rustemeijer C, de Bakker B, Hoekstra J, Zwinderman A, Bergman J, Holleman F, Piemonti L, De Vos W, Roep B, Nieuwdorp M (2021) Faecal microbiota transplantation halts progression of human new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial. Gut 70(1):92–105

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng K, Xu JJ, Shen L, Zhao H, Gou W, Xu F, Fu Y, Jiang Z, Shuai M, Li BY, Hu W, Zheng JS, Chen YM (2023) Comparison of fecal and blood metabolome reveals inconsistent associations of the gut microbiota with cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Commun 14(1):571

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Scott SM, Whelan K (2017) Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation. Adv Nutr 8(3):484–494

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA (2023). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2023 [published correction appears in Diabetes Care. 2023 Feb 01;:]. Diabetes Care 46(Suppl 1):S19-S40

Gentile CL, Weir TL (2018) The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health. Science 362(6416):776–780

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim J, Jensen A, Ko S, Raghavan S, Phillips LS, Hung A, Sun Y, Zhou H, Reaven P, Zhou JJ (2022) Systematic heritability and heritability enrichment analysis for diabetes complications in UK Biobank and ACCORD studies. Diabetes 71(5):1137–1148

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li L, Yang K, Li C, Zhang H, Yu H, Chen K, Yang X, Liu L (2022) Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and metabolomic profiling identify specific human gut microbiota associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Immunol 13:943325

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Z, Liu Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Tian Y, Wang S, Sun P, Nie Y, Gan S, Xu H (2023) Interactions between structure and function of resistant glucans for alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 231:123405

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin Q, Jia Y, Li T, Wang S, Xu X, Xu Y, Lu L, Yang C, Zou H (2022) Optic disc morphology and peripapillary atrophic changes in diabetic children and adults without diabetic retinopathy or visual impairment. Acta Ophthalmol 100(1):e157–e166

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu C, Du MX, Xie LS, Wang WZ, Chen BS, Yun CY, Sun XW, Luo X, Jiang Y, Wang K, Jiang MZ, Qiao SS, Sun M, Cui BJ, Huang HJ, Qu SP, Li CK, Wu D, Wang LS, Jiang C, Liu HW, Liu SJ (2024) Gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism via acylated secondary bile acids. Nat Microbiol 9(2):434–450

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moya A, Ferrer M (2016) Functional redundancy-induced stability of gut microbiota subjected to disturbance. Trends Microbiol 24(5):402–413

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ng SC, Xu Z, Mak JWY, Yang K, Liu Q, Zuo T, Tang W, Lau L, Lui RN, Wong SH, Tse YK, Li AYL, Cheung K, Ching JYL, Wong VWS, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Chow EYK, Wong SKH, Ho ICH, Chan PKS, Chan FKL (2022) Microbiota engraftment after faecal microbiota transplantation in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Gut 71(4):716–723

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliphant K, Allen-Vercoe E (2019) Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health. Microbiome 7(1):91

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peng J, Zou H, Wang W, Fu J, Shen B, Bai X, Xu X, Zhang X (2011) Implementation and first-year screening results of an ocular telehealth system for diabetic retinopathy in China. BMC Health Serv Res 11:250

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F, Liang S, Zhang W, Guan Y, Shen D, Peng Y, Zhang D, Jie Z, Wu W, Qin Y, Xue W, Li J, Han L, Lu D, Wu P, Wang J (2012) A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490(7418):55–60

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodriguez J, Hiel S, Neyrinck AM, Le Roy T, Pötgens SA, Leyrolle Q, Pachikian BD, Gianfrancesco MA, Cani PD, Paquot N, Cnop M, Lanthier N, Thissen JP, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM (2020) Discovery of the gut microbial signature driving the efficacy of prebiotic intervention in obese patients. Gut 69(11):1975–1987

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stewart CJ, Ajami NJ, O’Brien JL, Hutchinson DS, Smith DP, Wong MC, Ross MC, Lloyd RE, Doddapaneni H, Metcalf GA, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Vatanen T, Huttenhower C, Xavier RJ, Rewers M, Hagopian W, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, She JX, Akolkar B, Lernmark A, Hyoty H, Vehik K, Krischer JP, Petrosino JF (2018) Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study. Nature 562(7728):583–588

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun K, Gao Y, Wu H, Huang X (2023) The causal relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Front Public Health 22(11):1255059

Article  Google Scholar 

Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Lacatusu CM, Floria M, Serban IL (2020) Role of gut microbiota on onset and progression of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Nutrients 12(12):3719

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Teo ZL, Tham YC, Yu M, Chee ML, Rim TH, Cheung N, Bikbov MM, Wang YX, Tang Y, Lu Y, Wong IY, Ting DSW, Tan GSW, Jonas JB, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Cheng CY (2021) Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 128(11):1580–1591

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsai CY, Lu HC, Chou YH, Liu PY, Chen HY, Huang MC, Lin CH, Tsai CN (2022) Gut microbial signatures for glycemic responses of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:814770. Published 2022 Jan 10

Ubachs J, Ziemons J, Soons Z, Aarnoutse R, van Dijk DPJ, Penders J, van Helvoort A, Smidt ML, Kruitwagen RFPM, Baade-Corpelijn L, OldeDamink SWM, Rensen SS (2021) Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid alterations in cachectic cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12(6):2007–2021

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Heck JIP, Gacesa R, Stienstra R, Fu J, Zhernakova A, Harmsen HJM, Weersma RK, Joosten LAB, Tack CJ (2022) The gut microbiome composition is altered in long-standing type 1 diabetes and associates with glycemic control and disease-related complications. Diabetes Care 45(9):2084–2094

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villanueva-Millan MJ, Leite G, Wang J, Morales W, Parodi G, Pimentel ML, Barlow GM, Mathur R, Rezaie A, Sanchez M, Ayyad S, Cohrs D, Chang C, Rashid M, Hosseini A, Fiorentino A, Weitsman S, Chuang B, Chang B, Pichetshote N, Pimentel M (2022) Methanogens and hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria guide distinct gut microbe profiles and irritable bowel syndrome subtypes. Am J Gastroenterol 117(12):2055–2066

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang H, Gou W, Su C, Du W, Zhang J, Miao Z, Xiao C, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Fu Y, Jia X, Ouyang Y, Jiang H, Huang F, Li L, Zhang B, Zheng JS (2022) Association of gut microbiota with glycaemic traits and incident type 2 diabetes, and modulation by habitual diet: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Chinese adults. Diabetologia 65(7):1145–1156

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang T, Shi Z, Ren H, Xu M, Lu J, Yang F, Ye C, Wu K, Chen M, Xu X, Liu D, Kong L, Zheng R, Zheng J, Li M, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang J, Ning G, Li J, Zhong H, Bi Y, Wang W (2024) Divergent age-associated and metabolism-associated gut microbiome signatures modulate cardiovascular disease risk. Nat Med 30(6):1722–1731

Article  CAS  PubMed