Fullston T, Teague EMCO, Palmer NO, Deblasio MJ, Mitchell M, Corbett M, et al. Paternal obesity initiates metabolic disturbances in two generations of mice with incomplete penetrance to the F2 generation and alters the transcriptional profile of testis and sperm microRNA content. FASEB J. 2013;27:4226–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ng SF, Lin RCY, Laybutt DR, Barres R, Owens JA, Morris MJ. Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs β 2-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring. Nature. 2010;467:963–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soubry A. Epigenetic inheritance and evolution: a paternal perspective on dietary influences. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2015;118:79–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soubry A. POHaD: why we should study future fathers. Environ Epigenet. 2018;4:1–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Silveira PP, Portella AK, Goldani MZ, Barbieri MA. Origens desenvolvimentistas da saúde e da doença (DOHaD). J Pediatr. 2007;83:494–504.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ornellas F, Carapeto PV, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Obese fathers lead to an altered metabolism and obesity in their children in adulthood: review of experimental and human studies. J Pediatr. 2017;93:551–9.

Dodd JM, Du Plessis LE, Deussen AR, Grivell RM, Yelland LN, Louise J, et al. Paternal obesity modifies the effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention in women who are overweight or obese on newborn anthropometry. Sci Rep. 2017;7:3–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chia AR, Tint MT, Han CY, Chen LW, Colega M, Aris IM, et al. Adherence to a healthy eating index for pregnant women is associated with lower neonatal adiposity in a multiethnic Asian cohort: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107:71–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matthews EK, Wei J, Cunningham SA. Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71:919–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rallis D, Balomenou F, Tzoufi M, Giapros V. A systematic review indicates an association between birth weight and body fat in childhood. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110:2023–39.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hillman S, Peebles DM, Williams DJ. Paternal metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors for fetal growth restriction: a case-control study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1675.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu B, Khalil A. Fetal growth restriction. In: Twin higher-order pregnancies. 2023. pp. 189–204 (Cham: Springer International Publishing).

Pomeroy E, Wells JCK, Cole TJ, O’Callaghan M, Stock JT. Relationships of maternal and paternal anthropometry with neonatal body size, proportions and adiposity in an Australian cohort. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015;156:625–36.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun M, Zhang S, Chen L, Li Y, Diao J, Li J. et al. Association between paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with preterm birth and low birth weight. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:955544.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Craig JR, Jenkins TG, Carrell DT, Hotaling JM. Obesity, male infertility, and the sperm epigenome. Fertil Steril. 2017;107:848–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.115.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Moubarac JC, Levy RB, Louzada MLC, Jaime PC. The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:5–17.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inf. 2009;42:377–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sartorelli DS, Crivellenti LC, Baroni NF, de Andrade Miranda DEG, da Silva Santos I, Carvalho MR, et al. Effectiveness of a minimally processed food-based nutritional counselling intervention on weight gain in overweight pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:443.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baroni NF, Carvalho MR, da Silva Santos I, Chaves AVL, de Andrade Miranda DEG, Crivellenti LC, et al. Effect of a lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Early Hum Dev. 2024;194:106038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106038.

Fo L, Paulo S. Seqüência básica na elaboração de protocolos de pesquisa. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1998;71:735–40. https://www.scielo.br/j/abc/a/nGZdPqsrpXJjDqCmmwbLDmJ/?lang=pt.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kang H. Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health. 2021;18:17. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ministério da Saúde. VIGITEL Brasil 2019: Vigilância de Fatores de Risco para Doenças Cronicas por Inquérito Telefônico. Vigitel Brasil 2019: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados. 2020. p. 139.

Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Jaime PC, Claro RM. Validade de indicadores do consumo de alimentos e bebidas obtidos por inquérito telefônico. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42:582–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brasil. Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. Vol. 26, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2021. pp. 1–54. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_atividade_fisica_populacao_brasileira.pdf.

ABEP. Alterações na aplicação do Critério Brasil. Abep. 2018;1:1–5. https://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil.

Google Scholar 

Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Diagnóstico e tratamento. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005;84:1–27.

Google Scholar 

Villar J, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Knight HE, Ruyan P, et al. The objectives, design and implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;120:9–26.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Avaliação nutricional da criança e do adolescente: manual de orientações. Dep Nutrologia. 2009:21–105.

Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA. Relationship of anthropometric dimensions to lean body mass in children. Ann Hum Biol. 2009;5:469–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014467800003121.

Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA, Stillman RJ, Van Loan M, Horswill CA, et al. Influence of maturation on relationship of skinfolds to body density: a cross-sectional study. Hum Biol. 1984;56:681–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deierlein AL, Thornton J, Hull H, Paley C, Gallagher D. An anthropometric model to estimate neonatal fat mass using air displacement plethysmography. Nutr Metab. 2012;9:1–5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Textor J, Hardt J. DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology. 2011;22:745.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tennant PWG, Murray EJ, Arnold KF, Berrie L, Fox MP, Gadd SC, et al. Use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to identify confounders in applied health research: review and recommendations. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50:620–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCowan LME, North RA, Kho EM, Black MA, Chan EH, Dekker GA, et al. Paternal contribution to small for gestational age babies: a multicenter prospective study. Obesity. 2011;19:1035–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S‚l‚nou C, Brioude F, Giabicani E, Sobrier ML, Netchine I. IGF2: development, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Cells. 2022;11:1886.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ishida M, Ohashi S, Kizaki Y, Naito JI, Horiguchi K, Harigaya T. Expression profiling of mouse placental lactogen II and its correlative genes using a cDNA microarray analysis in the developmental mouse placenta. J Reprod Dev. 2007;53:69–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coan PM, Fowden AL, Constancia M, Ferguson-Smith AC, Burton GJ, Sibley CP. Disproportional effects of Igf2 knockout on placental morphology and diffusional exchange characteristics in the mouse. J Physiol. 2008;586:5023–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dupont C, Faure C, Sermondade N, Boubaya M, Eustache F, Clément P, et al. Obesity leads to higher risk of sperm DNA damage in infertile patients. Asian J Androl. 2013;15:622–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

H†konsen L, Thulstrup A, Aggerholm A, Olsen J, Bonde J, Andersen C. et al. Does weight loss improve semen quality and reproductive hormones? Results from a cohort of severely obese men. Reprod Health. 2011;8:24.

Article  Google Scholar 

D’Agostin M, Di Sipio Morgia C, Vento G, Nobile S. Long-term implications of fetal growth restriction. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11:2855–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lindsay RS, Dabelea D, Roumain J, Hanson RL, Bennett PH, Knowler WC. Type 2 diabetes and low birth weight: the role of paternal inheritance in the association of low birth weight and diabetes. Diabetes. 2000;49:445–9.