Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73:17–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duma N, Santana-Davila R, Molina JR. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94:1623–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bar J, Urban D, Amit U, Appel S, Onn A, Margalit O, et al. Long-Term Survival of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer over Five Decades. J Oncol. 2021;2021:7836264.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jeon DS, Kim HC, Kim SH, Kim TJ, Kim HK, Moon MH, et al. Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015. Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55:103–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morita-Tanaka S, Yamada T, Takayama K. The landscape of cancer cachexia in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2023;12:168–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gannavarapu BS, Lau SKM, Carter K, Cannon NA, Gao A, Ahn C, et al. Prevalence and Survival Impact of Pretreatment Cancer-Associated Weight Loss: A Tool for Guiding Early Palliative Care. J Oncol Pr. 2018;14:e238–e50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ni J, Zhang L. Cancer Cachexia: Definition, Staging, and Emerging Treatments. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:5597–605.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miyawaki T, Naito T, Yabe M, Kodama H, Nishioka N, Miyawaki E, et al. Impact of weight loss on treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30:1633–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hespanhol V, Queiroga H, Magalhães A, Santos AR, Coelho M, Marques A. Survival predictors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 1995;13:253–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bremnes RM, Sundstrom S, Aasebø U, Kaasa S, Hatlevoll R, Aamdal S. The value of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: results from a randomised multicenter study with minimum 5 year follow-up. Lung Cancer. 2003;39:303–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aydiner A, Yildiz I, Seyidova A. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors associated with the response to erlotinib in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with unknown EGFR mutational status. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14:3255–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Russell K, Healy B, Pantarotto J, Laurie SA, MacRae R, Sabri E, et al. Prognostic factors in the radical nonsurgical treatment of stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2014;15:237–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanders KJ, Hendriks LE, Troost EG, Bootsma GP, Houben RM, Schols AM, et al. Early Weight Loss during Chemoradiotherapy Has a Detrimental Impact on Outcome in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:873–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alexander M, Wolfe R, Ball D, Conron M, Stirling RG, Solomon B, et al. Lung cancer prognostic index: a risk score to predict overall survival after the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2017;117:744–51.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Topkan E, Selek U, Ozdemir Y, Yildirim BA, Guler OC, Ciner F, et al. Incidence and Impact of Pretreatment Tumor Cavitation on Survival Outcomes of Stage III Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Radical Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018;101:1123–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bozkaya Y, Yazıcı O. Prognostic significance of gamma-glutamyl transferase in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2019;19:267–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jouinot A, Ulmann G, Vazeille C, Durand JP, Boudou-Rouquette P, Arrondeau J, et al. Hypermetabolism is an independent prognostic factor of survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2020;39:1893–99.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hergebue K, Mejri N, Berrazega Y, Rachdi H, El Benna H, Labidi S, et al. Therapeutic results and prognostic factors of stage III NSCLC: a population-based study in Tunisia. Exp Oncol. 2021;43:61–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheikh M, Virani S, Robbins HA, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, et al. Survival and prognostic factors of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Med. 2023;12:10563–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:264–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:489–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wells G, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality if nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed March 8, 2024.

Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50:1088–101.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Egger M, Smith Davey, Schneider G, Minder M. C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shukuya T, Takahashi K, Shintani Y, Miura K, Sekine I, Takayama K, et al. Epidemiology, risk factors and impact of cachexia on patient outcome: Results from the Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14:1274–85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jin J, Visina J, Burns TF, Diergaarde B, Stabile LP. Male sex and pretreatment weight loss are associated with poor outcome in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy: a retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2023;13:17047.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shijubou N, Sumi T, Yamada Y, Nakata H, Mori Y, Chiba H. Immunological and nutritional predictive factors in patients receiving pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022;148:1893–901.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pack QR, Rodriguez-Escudero JP, Thomas RJ, Ades PA, West CP, Somers VK, et al. The prognostic importance of weight loss in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:1368–77.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chi M, Nie Y, Su Y, Wang N, Li A, Ma T, et al. Effects of weight loss in heart failure patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30:1906–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asselain B, Barrière JR, Clarot C, Vabre JP, Gentil Le Pecq B, Duval Y, et al. Metastatic NSCLC: Clinical, molecular, and therapeutic factors associated with long-term survival. Respir Med Res. 2019;76:38–44.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morel H, Raynard B, d’Arlhac M, Hauss PA, Lecuyer E, Oliviero G, et al. Prediagnosis weight loss, a stronger factor than BMI, to predict survival in patients with lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2018;126:55–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dharma-Wardene M, Au HJ, Hanson J, Dupere D, Hewitt J, Feeny D. Baseline FACT-G score is a predictor of survival for advanced lung cancer. Qual Life Res. 2004;13:1209–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Degens JHRJ, Dingemans AC, Willemsen ACH, Gietema HA, Hurkmans DP, Aerts JG, et al.