Thompson WW, Weintraub E, Dhankhar P, Cheng PY, Brammer L, Meltzer MI, Bresee JS, Shay DK (2009) Estimates of US influenza-associated deaths made using four different methods. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 3(1):37–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00073.x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakleshpur S, Steed AL (2022) Influenza: Toward understanding the immune response in the young. Front Pediatr 10:953150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.953150

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wen Z, Xie G, Zhou Q, Qiu C, Li J, Hu Q, Dai W, Li D, Zheng Y, Wen F (2018) Distinct nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota of children with influenza A virus compared with healthy children. Biomed Res Int 2018:6362716. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6362716

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang B, Yao M, Lv L, Ling Z, Li L (2017) The Human microbiota in health and disease. Engineering 3(1):71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Reynolds LA, Finlay BB (2017) Early life factors that affect allergy development. Nat Rev Immunol 17(8):518–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.39

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2009) The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 9(5):313–323. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2515

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yassine HM, Lee CW, Gourapura R, Saif YM (2010) Interspecies and intraspecies transmission of influenza A viruses: viral, host and environmental factors. Anim Health Res Rev 11(1):53–72

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uchiyama J, Murakami H, Sato R, Mizukami K, Suzuki T, Shima A, Ishihara G, Sogawa K, Sakaguchi M (2020) Examination of the fecal microbiota in dairy cows infected with bovine leukemia virus. Vet Microbiol 240:108547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108547

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ (2020) Chitosan nanoparticle based mucosal vaccines delivered against infectious diseases of poultry and pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:558349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.558349

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Paules CI, Sullivan SG, Subbarao K, Fauci AS (2018) Chasing seasonal influenza - the need for a universal influenza vaccine. N Engl J Med 378(1):7–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1714916

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ichinohe T, Pang IK, Kumamoto Y, Peaper DR, Ho JH, Murray TS, Iwasaki A (2011) Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(13):5354–5359. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019378108

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Hu J, Feng JW, Hu XT, Wang T, Gong WX, Huang K, Guo YX, Zou Z, Lin X, Zhou R, Yuan YQ, Zhang AD, Wei H, Cao G, Liu C, Chen LL, Jin ML (2020) Influenza infection elicits an expansion of gut population of endogenous bifidobacterium animalis which protects mice against infection. Genome Biol 21(1):99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02007-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee KH, Foxman B, Kuan G, Lopez R, Shedden K, Ng S, Balmaseda A, Gordon A (2019) The respiratory microbiota: associations with influenza symptomatology and viral shedding. Ann Epidemiol 37(51–56):e56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.07.013

Article  Google Scholar 

Guinane CM, Cotter PD (2013) Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 6(4):295–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X13482996

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sekirov I, Tam NM, Jogova M, Robertson ML, Li Y, Lupp C, Finlay BB (2008) Antibiotic-induced perturbations of the intestinal microbiota alter host susceptibility to enteric infection. Infect Immun 76(10):4726–4736. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00319-08

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gerritsen J, Smidt H, Rijkers GT, de Vos WM (2011) Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics. Genes Nutr 6(3):209–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-011-0229-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stein MM, Hrusch CL, Gozdz J, Igartua C, Pivniouk V, Murray SE, Ledford JG, Marques Dos Santos M, Anderson RL, Metwali N, Neilson JW, Maier RM, Gilbert JA, Holbreich M, Thorne PS, Martinez FD, von Mutius E, Vercelli D, Ober C, Sperling AI (2016) Innate immunity and asthma risk in amish and hutterite farm children. N Engl J Med 375(5):411–421. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1508749

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nguyen TLA, Vieira-Silva S, Liston A, Raes J (2015) How informative is the mouse for human gut microbiota research? Dis Model Mech 8(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.017400

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arrieta MC, Walter J, Finlay BB (2016) Human microbiota-associated mice: a model with challenges. Cell Host Microbe 19(5):575–578

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung H, Pamp SJ, Hill JA, Surana NK, Edelman SM, Troy EB, Reading NC, Villablanca EJ, Wang S, Mora JR, Umesaki Y, Mathis D, Benoist C, Relman DA, Kasper DL (2012) Gut immune maturation depends on colonization with a host-specific microbiota. Cell 149(7):1578–1593

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dhakal S, Wang L, Antony L, Rank J, Bernardo P, Ghimire S, Bondra K, Siems C, Lakshmanappa YS, Renu S, Hogshead B, Krakowka S, Kauffman M, Scaria J, LeJeune JT, Yu Z, Renukaradhya GJ (2019) Amish (Rural) vs. non-amish (Urban) infant fecal microbiotas are highly diverse and their transplantation lead to differences in mucosal immune maturation in a humanized germfree piglet model. Front Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01509

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang M, Donovan SM (2015) Human microbiota-associated swine: current progress and future opportunities. ILAR J 56(1):63–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meurens F, Summerfield A, Nauwynck H, Saif L, Gerdts V (2012) The pig: a model for human infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol 20(1):50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.11.002

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dawson HD, Smith AD, Chen C, Urban JF (2017) An in-depth comparison of the porcine, murine and human inflammasomes; lessons from the porcine genome and transcriptome. Vet Microbiol 202:2–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.013

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xia Q, Williams T, Hustead D, Price P, Morrison M, Yu Z (2012) Quantitative analysis of intestinal bacterial populations from term infants fed formula supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 55(3):314–320. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182523254

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams TA, Yu Z (2009) A DNA-based investigation of intestinal microbiota of infants and the impact of prebiotics and maternal intestinal microbiota. PhD Thesis (The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA)

Yuan L, Ward LA, Rosen BI, To TL, Saif LJ (1996) Systematic and intestinal antibody-secreting cell responses and correlates of protective immunity to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model of disease. J Virol 70(5):3075–3083

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Lu F, Ghimire S, Han Y, Schrock J, Dhakal S, Patil V, Krakowka S, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ (2020) A nanoparticle-poly (I:C) combination adjuvant enhances the breadth of the immune response to inactivated influenza virus vaccine in pigs. Vaccines 8(2):229