Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:11–22.
le Roux CW, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Lau DCW, Van Gaal L, et al. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2017;389:1399–409.
Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, Kushner RF, Lewin A, Skjøth TV, et al. Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314:687–99.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wadden TA, Walsh OA, Berkowitz RI, Chao AM, Alamuddin N, Gruber K, et al. Intensive behavioral therapy for obesity combined with liraglutide 3.0 mg: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019;27:75–86.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wadden TA, Hollander P, Klein S, Niswender K, Woo V, Hale PM, et al. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int J Obes. (Lond). 2013;37:1443–51.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in sdults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:989–1002.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Davies M, Færch L, Jeppesen OK, Pakseresht A, Pedersen SD, Perreault L, et al. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397:971–84.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wadden TA, Bailey TS, Billings LK, Davies M, Frias JP, Koroleva A, et al. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325:1403–13.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, Hesse D, Greenway FL, Jensen C, et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325:1414–25.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Garvey WT, Batterham RL, Bhatta M, Buscemi S, Christensen LN, Frias JP, et al. Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial. Nat Med. 2022;28:2083–91.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kadowaki T, Isendahl J, Khalid U, Lee SY, Nishida T, Ogawa W, et al. Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:193–206.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rubino DM, Greenway FL, Khalid U, O’Neil PM, Rosenstock J, Sørrig R, et al. Effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs daily liraglutide on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: The STEP 8 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:138–50.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:205–16.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, le Roux CW, Sattar N, Aizenberg D, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402:613–26.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wadden TA, Chao AM, Machineni S, Kushner R, Ard J, Srivastava G, et al. Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02597-w.
Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, Bays HE, Wharton S, Lin WY, et al. Tirze weight maintenance. Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity: the SURMOUNT-4 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024;331:38–48.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Karagiannis T, Avgerinos I, Liakos A, Del Prato S, Matthews DR, Tsapas A, et al. Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2022;65:1251–61.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
World Health Organitzation World obesity atlas World_Obesity_Atlas_2022_WEB.pdf(worldobesityday.org) 2022. Accessed: 10 October 2023.
Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, Deanfield J, Emerson SS, Esbjerg S, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:2221–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Htike ZZ, Zaccardi F, Papamargaritis D, Webb DR, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:524–36.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, Pérez Manghi FC, Fernández Landó L, Bergman BK, et al. Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:503–15.
Wharton S, Calanna S, Davies M, Dicker D, Goldman B, Lingvay I, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24:94–105.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Smits MM, Van Raalte DH. Safety of semaglutide. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:645563. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.64556.
He L, Wang J, Ping F, Yang N, Huang J, Li Y, et al. Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonist use with risk of gallbladder and biliary diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182:513–9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jensterle M, Ferjan S, Ležaič L, Sočan A, Goričar K, Zaletel K, et al. Semaglutide delays 4-hour gastric emptying in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25:975–84.
Nogueiras R, Nauck MA, Tschöp MH. Gut hormone co-agonists for the treatment of obesity: from bench to bedside. Nat Metab. 2023;5:933–44.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Frias JP, Nauck MA, Van J, Benson C, Bray R, Cui X, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate different dose-escalation regimens. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:938–46.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Le Roux CW, Zhang S, Aronne LJ, Kushner RF, Chao AM, Machineni S, et al. Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: Rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023;31:96–110.
Silveira SQ, da Silva LM, de Campos Vieira Abib A, de Moura DTH, de Moura EGH, Santos LB, et al. Relationship between perioperative semaglutide use and residual gastric content: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing elective upper endoscopy. J Clin Anesth. 2023;87:111091.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Klein SR, Hobai IA. Semaglutide, delayed gastric emptying, and intraoperative pulmonary aspiration: a case report. Can J Anaesth. 2023;70:1394–6.
Joshi GP. Anesthetic considerations in adult patients on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Gastrointestinal Focus. Anesth Analg. 2024;138:216–20.
Kuwata H, Tsujii S, Fujita N, Okamura S, Iburi T, Mashitani T, et al. Switching from insulin to liraglutide improved glycemic control and the quality-of-life scores in a case of type 2 diabetes and active Crohn’s disease. Intern Med. 2014;53:1637–40.
Nexøe-Larsen CC, Sørensen PH, Hausner H, Agersnap M, Baekdal M, Brønden A, et al. Effects of liraglutide on gallbladder emptying: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with overweight or obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20:2557–256.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nerild HH, Brønden A, Gether IM, Hellmann PH, Baekdal M, Gillum MP, et al. Liraglutide changes postprandial responses of gut hormones involved in the regulation of gallbladder motility. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25:1632–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gasbjerg LS, Helsted MM, Hartmann B, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Veedfald S, Stensen S, et al. GIP and GLP-1 receptor antagonism during a meal in healthy individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105:dgz175.
Abd El Aziz M, Cahyadi O, Meier JJ, Schmidt WE, Nauck MA. Incretin-based glucose-lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and malignancies: a meta-analysis based on cardiovascular outcomes trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:699–704.
Comments (0)