Conflict of interest

Yuto Terashima, Taiki Hakozaki and Yuji Uehara declare they have no financial interests; Akihiko Miyanaga has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Nippon Kayaku, Merck, Kyowa Kirin and Pfizer; Kazuo Kasahara has received honoraria Eli Lilly; Masahiro Seike has received grants and contracts from any entity from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Nippon Kayaku and Kyowa Hakko Kirin; honoraria from, AstraZeneca, MSD K.K, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Novartis, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Nippon Kayaku, Daiichi-Sankyo Company, Merck Biopharma and Amgen inc; Yukio Hosomi has received honoraria from AstraZeneca.

Ethical approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine at Nippon Medical School and the Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center at Komagome Hospital (No. B-2022-628 and No. 2981). The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.