These authors contributed equally: Zhen Zhao, Abhay P Sagare, Qingyi Ma.

Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

Zhen Zhao, Abhay P. Sagare, Qingyi Ma, Matthew R. Halliday, Pan Kong, Kassandra Kisler, Ethan A. Winkler, Anita Ramanathan, Nelly Chuqui Owens, Sanket V. Rege, Gabriel Si, Ashim Ahuja & Berislav V. Zlokovic

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

Ethan A. Winkler

Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

Takahisa Kanekiyo & Guojun Bu

Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA

Donghui Zhu

Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

Carol A. Miller

Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Julie A. Schneider

Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA

Manami Maeda & Takahiro Maeda

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Manami Maeda & Takahiro Maeda

Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

Tohru Sugawara & Justin K. Ichida