Rochlin I, Toledo A. Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review. J Med Microbiol. 2020;69(6):781–91. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001206.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rodino KG, Theel ES, Pritt BS. Tick-borne diseases in the United States. Clin Chem. 2020;66(4):537–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa040.
Tran T, Prusinski MA, White JL, Falco RC, Vinci V, Gall WK, et al. Spatio-temporal variation in environmental features predicts the distribution and abundance of Ixodes scapularis. Int J Parasitol. 2021;51(4):311–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.10.002.
Dunaj J, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Swiecicka I, Andersson M, Czupryna P, Rutkowski K, et al. Tick-borne infections and co-infections in patients with non-specific symptoms in Poland. Adv Med Sci. 2018;63(1):167–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.09.004.
Rauer S, Kastenbauer S, Fingerle V, Hunfeld KP, Huppertz HI, Dersch R. Lyme neuroborreliosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(45):751–6. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0751.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lindquist L, Vapalahti O. Tick-borne encephalitis. Lancet. 2008;371(9627):1861–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60800-4.
Bazer DA, Orwitz M, Koroneos N, Syritsyna O, Wirkowski E. Powassan encephalitis: a case report from New York, USA. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2022;2022:8630349. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8630349.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Basu S, Chakravarty A. Neurological manifestations of scrub typhus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2022;22(8):491–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01215-5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sekeyova Z, Danchenko M, Filipcik P, Fournier PE. Rickettsial infections of the central nervous system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(8):e0007469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007469.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fill MA, Compton ML, McDonald EC, Moncayo AC, Dunn JR, Schaffner W, et al. Novel clinical and pathologic findings in a heartland virus-associated death. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(4):510–2. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw766.
• Ford L, Tufts DM. Lyme Neuroborreliosis: Mechanisms of B. burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. Brain Sci. 2021;11(6) https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060789.Highlights the current understanding of the relevant pathophysiology of neuroborreliosis and also associated neurologic syndromes associated with Lyme disease.
Eisen RJ, Eisen L. The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis: an increasing public health concern. Trends Parasitol. 2018;34(4):295–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.006.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Oschmann P, Dorndorf W, Hornig C, Schafer C, Wellensiek HJ, Pflughaupt KW. Stages and syndromes of neuroborreliosis. J Neurol. 1998;245(5):262–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004150050216.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Strle F, Henningsson AJ, Strle K. Diagnostic utility of CXCL13 in lyme neuroborreliosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(10):1727–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa337.
Halperin JJ. Neuroborreliosis. J Neurol. 2017;264(6):1292–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8346-2.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Theel ES, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Pritt B, Adem PV, Wormser GP. Limitations and confusing aspects of diagnostic testing for neurologic lyme disease in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(1) https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01406-18. Reviews the current advantages and limitations of current modalities of diagnosing neuroborreliosis.
Khan F, Allehebi Z, Shabi Y, Davis I, LeBlanc J, Lindsay R, et al. Modified two-tiered testing enzyme immunoassay algorithm for serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease. Open Forum. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;9(7):ofac272. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac272.
Rauer S, Kastenbauer S, Hofmann H, Fingerle V, Huppertz HI, Hunfeld KP, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in neurology - Lyme neuroborreliosis. Ger. Med Sci. 2020;18:Doc03. https://doi.org/10.3205/000279.
Leeflang MM, Ang CW, Berkhout J, Bijlmer HA, Van Bortel W, Brandenburg AH, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for Lyme borreliosis in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1468-4.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Avery RA, Frank G, Eppes SC. Diagnostic utility of Borrelia burgdorferi cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction in children with Lyme meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(8):705–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000172903.14077.4c.
Pedersen RR, Kragh KN, Fritz BG, Orbaek M, Ostrup Jensen P, Lebech AM, et al. A novel Borrelia-specific real-time PCR assay is not suitable for diagnosing Lyme neuroborreliosis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022;13(5):101971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101971.
Marques AR. Lyme neuroborreliosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2015;21(6):1729–44. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000252.
De Koning J, Bosma RB, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA. Demonstration of spirochaetes in patients with Lyme disease with a modified silver stain. J Med Microbiol. 1987;23(3):261–7. https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-23-3-261.
• Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, Falck-Ytter YT, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Auwaerter PG, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab049. Publication of the current IDSA guideline which reviews current recommended treatments of Lyme disease.
Chung MK, Caboni M, Strandwitz P, D'Onofrio A, Lewis K, Patel CJ. Systematic comparisons between Lyme disease and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome in the U.S. with administrative claims data. EBioMedicine. 2023;90:104524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104524.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Piantadosi A, Solomon IH. Powassan virus encephalitis. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2022;36(3):671–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2022.03.003.
• Hermance ME, Thangamani S. Powassan virus: an emerging arbovirus of public health concern in North America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017;17(7):453–62. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2110. Thorough review of current knowledge regarding the Powassan virus, including postulated mechanisms driving neurologic manifestations of infection with the Powassan virus.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Della-Giustina D, Duke C, Goldflam K. Underrecognized tickborne illnesses: Borrelia miyamotoi and Powassan virus. Wilderness Environ Med. 2021;32(2):240–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2021.01.005. Thorough review of current knowledge regarding the Powassan virus including the range of clinical manifestations.
Pastula DM, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases. J Neuro-Oncol. 2016;22(3):257–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0428-5.
Fatmi SS, Zehra R, Carpenter DO. Powassan virus-a new reemerging tick-borne disease. Front Public Health. 2017;5:342. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00342.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Conde JN, Sanchez-Vicente S, Saladino N, Gorbunova EE, Schutt WR, Mladinich MC, et al. Powassan viruses spread cell to cell during direct isolation from ixodes ticks and persistently infect human brain endothelial cells and pericytes. J Virol. 2022;96(1):e0168221. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01682-21.
• Dumic I, Jevtic D, Veselinovic M, Nordstrom CW, Jovanovic M, Mogulla V, et al. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis-a systematic review of published cases. Microorganisms. 2022;10(7) https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071433. Thorough review of current knowledge regarding anaplasmosis.
Eldaour Y, Hariri R, Yassin M. Severe Anaplasmosis presenting as possible CVA: case report and 3-year Anaplasma infection diagnosis data is based on PCR testing and serology. IDCases. 2021;24:e01073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01073.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim SW, Kim CM, Kim DM, Yun NR. Manifestation of anaplasmosis as cerebral infarction: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3321-4.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Cosiquien RJS, Stojiljkovic N, Nordstrom CW, Amadi E, Lutwick L, Dumic I. Anaplasma phagocytophilum encephalitis: a case report and literature review of neurologic manifestations of anaplasmosis. Infect Dis Rep. 2023;15(4):354–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15040035. Reviews current understanding of documented neurologic manifestations of anaplasmosis, as well as postulated mechanisms driving these processes.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
LeDonne MJ, Ahmed SA, Keeney SM, Nadworny H. Trigeminal neuralgia as the principal manifestation of anaplasmosis: a case report. Cureus. 2022;14(1):e21668. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21668.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: a review. JAMA. 2016;315(16):1767–77. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.2884.
Comments (0)