Owolabi MO, Thrift AG, Mahal A, Ishida M, Martins S, Johnson WD, et al. Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7:e74–e85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shao L, Liu G, Sun C, et al. Acsl4 exacerbates ischemic stroke by promoting ferroptosis-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;93:312–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen JE, Itshayek E, Moskovici S, Gomori JM, Fraifeld S, Eichel R, et al. State-of-the-art reperfusion strategies for acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18:319–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelmanson IV, Shokhina AG, Kotova DA, Pochechuev MS, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, et al. In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model. Redox Biol. 2021;48:102178.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharpe PC, Mulholland C, Trinick T. Ascorbate and malondialdehyde in stroke patients. Ir J Med Sci. 1994;163:488–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Domínguez C, Delgado P, Vilches A, Martín-Gallán P, Ribó M, Santamarina E, et al. Oxidative stress after thrombolysis-induced reperfusion in human stroke. Stroke. 2010;41:653–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kimura-Ohba S, Yang Y. Oxidative DNA damage mediated by intranuclear mmp activity is associated with neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6927328.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ichikawa H, Wang L, Konishi T. Prevention of cerebral oxidative injury by post-ischemic intravenous administration of shengmai san. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:591–600.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Narne P, Pandey V, Phanithi PB. Role of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in ischemic stroke and the emergent epigenetic underpinnings. Mol Neurobiol. 2019;56:1749–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu J, Wang A, Meng X, Yalkun G, Xu A, Gao Z, et al. Edaravone dexborneol versus edaravone alone for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: A phase iii, randomized, double-blind, comparative trial. Stroke. 2021;52:772–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi S, Fukuma S, Ikenoue T, Fukuhara S, Kobayashi S. Effect of edaravone on neurological symptoms in real-world patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2019;50:1805–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen T, Shi R, Suo Q, Wu S, Liu C, Huang S, et al. Progranulin released from microglial lysosomes reduces neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022;43:505–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedmann Angeli JP, Krysko DV, Conrad M. Ferroptosis at the crossroads of cancer-acquired drug resistance and immune evasion. Nat Rev Cancer. 2019;19:405–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang WS, SriRamaratnam R, Welsch ME, Shimada K, Skouta R, Viswanathan VS, et al. Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. Cell. 2014;156:317–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu L, Feng Z, Zhang J, Du L, Meng A. Microrna-27a regulates ferroptosis through slc7a11 to aggravate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurochem Res. 2023;48:1370–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Selim M. Treatment with the iron chelator, deferoxamine mesylate, alters serum markers of oxidative stress in stroke patients. Transl Stroke Res. 2010;1:35–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alim I, Caulfield JT, Chen Y, Swarup V, Geschwind DH, Ivanova E, et al. Selenium drives a transcriptional adaptive program to block ferroptosis and treat stroke. Cell. 2019;177:1262–79.e1225.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaspar JW, Niture SK, Jaiswal AK. Nrf2:Inrf2 (keap1) signaling in oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;47:1304–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Theodore M, Kawai Y, Yang J, Kleshchenko Y, Reddy SP, Villalta F, et al. Multiple nuclear localization signals function in the nuclear import of the transcription factor Nrf2. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:8984–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krajka-Kuzniak V, Paluszczak J, Baer-Dubowska W. The Nrf2-are signaling pathway: an update on its regulation and possible role in cancer prevention and treatment. Pharmacol Rep. 2017;69:393–402.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pradeep H, Diya JB, Shashikumar S, Rajanikant GK. Oxidative stress-assassin behind the ischemic stroke. Folia Neuropathol. 2012;50:219–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shih AY, Li P, Murphy TH. A small-molecule-inducible Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response provides effective prophylaxis against cerebral ischemia in vivo. J Neurosci. 2005;25:10321–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu L, Vollmer MK, Fernandez VM, Dweik Y, Kim H, Dore S. Korean red ginseng pretreatment protects against long-term sensorimotor deficits after ischemic stroke likely through Nrf2. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:74.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duan J, Cui J, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao J, Xi M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of apelin 13 on ischemic stroke by activating AMPK/GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling. J Neuroinflammation. 2019;16:24.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buendia I, Michalska P, Navarro E, Gameiro I, Egea J, León R. Nrf2-are pathway: an emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther. 2016;157:84–104.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson DA, Amirahmadi S, Ward C, Fabry Z, Johnson JA. The absence of the pro-antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Sci. 2010;114:237–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agyeman AS, Chaerkady R, Shaw PG, Davidson NE, Visvanathan K, Pandey A, et al. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of keap1 disrupted and sulforaphane-treated human breast epithelial cells reveals common expression profiles. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132:175–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harada N, Kanayama M, Maruyama A, Yoshida A, Tazumi K, Hosoya T, et al. Nrf2 regulates ferroportin 1-mediated iron efflux and counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced ferroportin 1 mRNA suppression in macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011;508:101–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell MR, Karaca M, Adamski KN, Chorley BN, Wang X, Bell DA. Novel hematopoietic target genes in the Nrf2-mediated transcriptional pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:120305.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khan FA, Maalik A, Murtaza G. Inhibitory mechanism against oxidative stress of caffeic acid. J Food Drug Anal. 2016;24:695–702.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Darendelioglu E. Caffeic acid suppresses HT-29 cell death induced by H2O2 via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121:805–11.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang RW, Lau KM, Hon PM, Mak TC, Woo KS, Fung KP. Chemistry and biological activities of caffeic acid derivatives from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12:237–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang L, Tao Y, Luo L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Meng X. Dengzhan xixin injection derived from a traditional Chinese herb erigeron breviscapus ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via modulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;288:114988.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo L, Wu S, Chen R, Rao H, Peng W, Su W. The study of neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of naoshuantong capsule on ischemia stroke mice. Chin Med. 2020;15:119.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mu X, Xu X, Guo X, Yang P, Du J, Mi N, et al. Identification and characterization of chemical constituents in dengzhan shengmai capsule and their metabolites in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019;1108:54–64.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhou Y, Fang SH, Ye YL, Chu LS, Zhang WP, Wang ML, et al. Caffeic acid ameliorates early and delayed brain injuries after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27:1103–10.

Article