Martínez de Toda I, Maté I, Vida C, Cruces J, De la Fuente M. Immune function parameters as markers of biological age and predictors of longevity. Aging. 2016;8:3110–9. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101116.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019;25:1822–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franceschi C, Capri M, Monti D, Giunta S, Olivieri F, Sevini F, et al. Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: A systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans. Mech Ageing Dev. 2007;128:92–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, Giuliani C, Santoro A. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14:576–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41574-018-0059-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aiello A, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Davinelli S, Gambino CM, et al. Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franceschi C, Ostan R, Mariotti S, Monti D, Vitale G. The Aging Thyroid: A Reappraisal Within the Geroscience Integrated Perspective. Endocr Rev. 2019;40:1250–70. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00170.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asperges E, Albi G, Zuccaro V, Sambo M, Pieri TC, Calia M, et al. Dynamic NLR and PLR in Predicting COVID-19 Severity: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther. 2023;12:1625–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00813-1.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Dios E, Rios-Navarro C, Perez-Sole N, Gavara J, Marcos-Garces V, Rodríguez E, et al. Similar Clinical Course and Significance of Circulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Counts in STEMI and COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2020;9:3484. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113484.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wilson D, Drew W, Jasper A, Crisford H, Nightingale P, Newby P, et al. Frailty Is Associated With Neutrophil Dysfunction Which Is Correctable With Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase Inhibitors. Journals Gerontol Ser A. 2020;75:2320–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa216.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Paganelli R, Scala E, Quinti I, Ansotegui IJ. Humoral immunity in aging. Aging (Milano). 1994;6:143–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324229.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Onyema OO, Beyer I, Liberman K, De Dobbeleer L, et al. Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019;74:1870–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly229.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grilz E, Posch F, Königsbrügge O, Schwarzinger I, Lang IM, Marosi C, et al. Association of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with the Risk of Thromboembolism and Mortality in Patients with Cancer. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118:1875–84. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673401.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah N, Parikh V, Patel N, Patel N, Badheka A, Deshmukh A, et al. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio significantly improves the Framingham risk score in prediction of coronary heart disease mortality: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. Int J Cardiol. 2014;171:390–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Lu X, Xiong R, Wang S. High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Mediators Inflamm. 2017; 2017: 9327136. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9327136.

Jhuang Y-H, Kao T-W, Peng T-C, Chen W-L, Li Y-W, Chang P-K, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as predictor for incident hypertension: a 9-year cohort study in Taiwan. Hypertens Res. 2019;42:1209–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0245-3.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fest J, Ruiter TR, Groot Koerkamp B, Rizopoulos D, Ikram MA, van Eijck CHJ, et al. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with mortality in the general population: The Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34:463–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0472-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tap L, Corsonello A, Di Rosa M, Fabbietti P, Formiga F, Moreno-González R, et al. Inflammaging and Blood Pressure Profiles in Late Life: The Screening for CKD among Older People across Europe (SCOPE) Study. J Clin Med. 2022;11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247311.

Collerton J, Martin-Ruiz C, Davies K, Hilkens CM, Isaacs J, Kolenda C, et al. Frailty and the role of inflammation, immunosenescence and cellular ageing in the very old: cross-sectional findings from the Newcastle 85 + Study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2012;133:456–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MAD.2012.05.005.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kara SP, Altunan B, Unal A. Investigation of the peripheral inflammation (neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio) in two neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Neurol Sci. 2022;43:1799–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05507-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rembach A, Watt AD, Wilson WJ, Rainey-Smith S, Ellis KA, Rowe CC, et al. An increased neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer’s disease is a function of age and is weakly correlated with neocortical amyloid accumulation. J Neuroimmunol. 2014;273:65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNEUROIM.2014.05.005.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pawelec G. Age and immunity: What is immunosenescence? Exp Gerontol. 2018;105:4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kovtonyuk LV, Fritsch K, Feng X, Manz MG, Takizawa H. Inflamm-Aging of Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2016;7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00502.

Olsson J, Wikby A, Johansson B, Löfgren S, Nilsson B-O, Ferguson FG. Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2001;121:187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00210-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Candore G, Balistreri CR, Colonna-Romano G, Grimaldi MP, Lio D, Listi’ F, et al. Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics. Rejuvenation Res. 2008;11:425–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2008.0662.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tough DF, Sprent J. Life span of naive and memory t cells. Stem Cells. 1995;13:242–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/STEM.5530130305.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henson SM, Lanna A, Riddel NE, Franzese O, Macaulay R, Griffiths SJ, et al. p38 signaling inhibits mTORC1-independent autophagy in senescent human CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:4004–16. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI75051.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pereira BI, De Maeyer RPH, Covre LP, Nehar-Belaid D, Lanna A, Ward S, et al. Sestrins induce natural killer function in senescent-like CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol. 2020;21:684–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41590-020-0643-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frasca D, Blomberg BB, Paganelli R. Aging, obesity, and inflammatory age-related diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2017.01745.

Cancro MP, Age-Associated B, Cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:315–40. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-IMMUNOL-092419-031130.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salvioli S, Monti D, Lanzarini C, Conte M, Pirazzini C, Giulia Bacalini M, et al. Immune System, Cell Senescence, Aging and Longevity - Inflamm-Aging Reappraised. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19:1675–9. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319090015.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ley K, Hoffman HM, Kubes P, Cassatella MA, Zychlinsky A, Hedrick CC, et al. Neutrophils: New insights and open questions. Sci Immunol. 2018;3. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aat4579.

Koenderman L, Tesselaar K, Vrisekoop N. Human neutrophil kinetics: a call to revisit old evidence. Trends Immunol. 2022;43:868–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IT.2022.09.008.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Summers C, Rankin SM, Condliffe AM, Singh N, Peters AM, Chilvers ER. Neutrophil kinetics in health and disease. Trends Immunol. 2010;31:318–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2010.05.006.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee KA, Flores RR, Jang IH, Saathoff A, Robbins PD. Immune Senescence, Immunosenescence and Aging. Front aging. 2022;3. https://doi.org/10.3389/FRAGI.2022.900028.

Pawelec G, Bronikowski A, Cunnane SC, Ferrucci L, Franceschi C, Fülöp T, et al. The conundrum of human immune system senescence. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020;192:111357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111357.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franceschi C, Salvioli S, Garagnani P, de Eguileor M, Monti D, Capri M. Immunobiography and the Heterogeneity of Immune Responses in the Elderly: A Focus on Inflammaging and Trained Immunity. Front Immunol. 2017;8. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2017.00982.

Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS231911845.

Ferrucci L, Gonzalez-Freire M, Fabbri E, Simonsick E, Tanaka T, Moore Z, et al. Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest. Aging Cell. 2020;19. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13080.

Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A, Chen BH, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, et al. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging. 2018;10:573–91. https://doi.org/10.18632/AGING.101414.

Article  PubMed Central