1. World Health Organization. The top ten causes of death, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death (2019, accessed 7 March 2020).
Google Scholar2. Stroke Foundation NZ. Reducing your risk of stroke , www.stroke.org.nz/reducing-stroke-risk (2019, accessed 7 March 2020).
Google Scholar3. Slark, J, Bentley, P, Majeed, A, et al. Awareness of stroke symptomatology and cardiovascular risk factors amongst stroke survivors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc 2012; 21: 358–362.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI4. Nicholson, SL, Donaghy, M, Johnston, M, et al. A qualitative theory guided analysis of stroke survivors’ perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 36: 1857–1868.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Poltawski, L, Boddy, K, Forster, A, et al. Motivators for uptake and maintenance of exercise: perceptions of long-term stroke survivors and implications for design of exercise programmes. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 37: 795–801.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI6. Feigin, VL, Barker-Collo, S, Parag, V, et al. Auckland stroke outcomes study. Part 1: gender, stroke types, ethnicity, and functional outcomes 5 years poststroke. Neurology 2010; 75: 1597–1607.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI7. Gall, S, Phan, H, Madsen, TE, et al. Focused update of sex differences in patient reported outcome measures after stroke. Stroke 2018; 49: 531–535.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Carcel, C, Wang, X, Sandset, EC, et al. Sex differences in treatment and outcome after stroke: pooled analysis including 19,000 participants. Neurology 2019; 93: e2170–e2180.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Appelros, P, Stegmayr, B, Terént, AA. Review on sex differences in stroke treatment and outcome. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 121: 359–369.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Bushnell, C, McCullough, LD, Awad, IA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45: 1545–1588.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Paolucci, S, Bragoni, M, Coiro, P, et al. Is sex a prognostic factor in stroke rehabilitation? a matched comparison. Stroke 2006; 37: 2989–2994.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Barlow, J, Wright, C, Sheasby, J, et al. Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review. Patient Educ Couns 2002; 48: 177–187.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI13. Coleman, MT, Newton, KS. Supporting self-management in patients with chronic illness. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72: 1503–1510.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI14. Moher, D, Liberati, A, Tetzlaff, J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000097.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Dang, D, Dearholt, SL. Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: model and guidelines. USA: Sigma Theta Tau, 2017.
Google Scholar16. Barker-Collo, S, Krishnamurthi, R, Witt, E, et al. Improving adherence to secondary stroke prevention strategies through motivational interviewing: randomized controlled trial. Stroke 2015; 46: 3451–3458.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Kalra, L, Evans, A, Perez, I, et al. A randomised and controlled comparison of alternative strategies in stroke care. Health Technol Assess 2005; 9: 1–79.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI18. Wan, LH, Zhang, XP, You, LM, et al. The efficacy of a comprehensive reminder system to improve health behaviors and blood pressure control in hypertensive ischemic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 33: 509–517.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Ertel, K, Glymour, M, Glass, T, et al. Frailty modifies effectiveness of psychosocial intervention in recovery from stroke. Clin Rehabil 2007; 21: 511–522.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI20. Mayo, NE, MacKay-Lyons, MJ, Scott, SC, et al. A randomized trial of two home-based exercise programmes to improve functional walking post-stroke. Clin Rehabil 2013; 27: 659–671.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI21. Wolf, TJ, Baum, CM, Lee, D, et al. The development of the improving participation after stroke self-management program (IPASS): an exploratory randomized clinical study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 23: 284–292.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Johnston, M, Bonetti, D, Joice, S, et al. Recovery from disability after stroke as a target for a behavioural intervention: results of a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2007; 29: 1117–1127.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI23. Askim, T, Langhammer, B, Ihle-Hansen, H, et al. Efficacy and safety of individualized coaching after stroke: the LAST study (life after stroke): a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Stroke 2018; 49: 426–432.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Chen, L, Chen, Y, Chen, X, et al. Longitudinal study of effectiveness of a patient‐centered self‐management empowerment intervention during predischarge planning on stroke survivors. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2018; 15: 197–205.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Harwood, M, Weatherall, M, Talemaitoga, A, et al. Taking charge after stroke: promoting self-directed rehabilitation to improve quality of life – a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2012; 26: 493–501.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI26. Anderson, DJ, McCarthy, AL, Porter-Steele, J, et al. Women’s Wellness After Cancer Program study (WWACP) – a multi centre randomised controlled trial examining the benefits and cost effectiveness of an evidenced based, e-health intervention. In: World cancer congress, Paris, France, 31 October–3 November 2016.
Google Scholar27. Evans, D. Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions. J Clin Nurs 2003; 12: 77–84.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI