Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Newman LA et al (2024) Breast cancer statistics 2024. CA Cancer J Clin 74(6):477–495

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI et al (2007) Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res 13(15 Pt 1):4429–4434

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M, et al. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis [published correction appears in Lancet. 2019 Mar 9;393(10175):986]. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.

Huang M, O’Shaughnessy J, Zhao J et al (2020) Association of pathologic complete response with long-term survival outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Res 80(24):5427–5434

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L et al (2007) The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 13:2329–2334

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liedtke C, Mazouni C, Hess KR et al (2008) Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26(8):1275–1281

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardoso F, Paluch-Shimon S, Schumacher-Wulf E et al (2024) 6th and 7th international consensus guidelines for the management of advanced breast cancer (ABC guidelines 6 and 7). Breast 76:103756

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD et al (2008) Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol 26(5):778–785

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sikov WM, Berry DA, Perou CM et al (2015) Impact of the addition of carboplatin and/or bevacizumab to neoadjuvant once-per-week paclitaxel followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on pathologic complete response rates in stage II to III triple-negative breast cancer: CALGB 40603 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol 33(1):13–21

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Untch M, Jackisch C, Schneeweiss A et al (2016) Nab-paclitaxel versus solvent-based paclitaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (GeparSepto-GBG 69): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 17(3):345–356

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gluz O, Nitz U, Liedtke C et al (2018) Comparison of neoadjuvant Nab-paclitaxel+carboplatin vs Nab-paclitaxel+gemcitabine in triple-negative breast cancer: randomized WSG-ADAPT-TN trial results. J Natl Cancer Inst 110(6):628–637

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gluz O, Nitz U, Kolberg-Liedtke C et al (2022) De-escalated neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): impact of molecular markers and final survival analysis of the WSG-ADAPT-TN trial. Clin Cancer Res 28(22):4995–5003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA et al (2018) Pathological response and survival in triple-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel. Clin Cancer Res 24(23):5820–5829

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Wu ZY, Li J et al (2022) Neoadjuvant docetaxel plus carboplatin vs epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel in triple-negative, early-stage breast cancer (NeoCART): results from a multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label phase II trial. Int J Cancer 150(4):654–662

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma P, Stecklein SR, Yoder R et al (2024) Clinical and biomarker findings of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: NeoPACT phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 10(2):227–235

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braybrooke J, Bradley R, Gray R et al (2021) Abstract GS2-06 taxane with anthracycline versus taxane without anthracycline: an individual patient-level meta-analysis of 16,500 women with early-stage breast cancer in 13 randomised trials. Cancer Res 82(4_Supplement):GS2-06

Google Scholar 

Tarantino P, Gandini S, Trapani D et al (2021) Immunotherapy addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 159:103223

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmittnaegel M, Rigamonti N, Kadioglu E et al (2017) Dual angiopoietin-2 and VEGFA inhibition elicits antitumor immunity that is enhanced by PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Sci Transl Med 9(385):eaak9670

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allen E, Jabouille A, Rivera LB et al (2017) Combined antiangiogenic and anti-PD-L1 therapy stimulates tumor immunity through HEV formation. Sci Transl Med 9(385):eaak9679

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fukumura D, Kloepper J, Amoozgar Z et al (2018) Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(5):325–340

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Liu Q, Li Y et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an open-label phase II trial. J Immunother Cancer 8(1):e000696

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Wang Y, Tian Z et al (2022) Multicenter phase II trial of Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Eribulin in heavily pretreated patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 13(1):3011

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Jiang YZ, Wu SY et al (2022) Famitinib with camrelizumab and nab-paclitaxel for advanced immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (FUTURE-C-Plus): an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. Clin Cancer Res 28(13):2807–2817

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen G, Liu Z, Wang M et al (2025) Neoadjuvant apatinib addition to sintilimab and carboplatin-taxane based chemotherapy in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer: the phase 2 NeoSAC trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):41

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mortazavi A, Williams BA, McCue K et al (2008) Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq. Nat Methods 5(7):621–628

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopes KP, Yu L, Shen X et al (2024) Associations of cortical SPP1 and ITGAX with cognition and common neuropathologies in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 20(1):525–537

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Darci-Maher N, Alvarez M, Arasu UT et al (2023) Cross-tissue omics analysis discovers ten adipose genes encoding secreted proteins in obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EBioMedicine 92:104620

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hänzelmann S, Castelo R, Guinney J (2013) GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinform 14:7

Article  Google Scholar 

He Y, Jiang Z, Chen C, Wang X (2018) Classification of triple-negative breast cancers based on Immunogenomic profiling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 37(1):327

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yoshihara K, Shahmoradgoli M, Martínez E et al (2013) Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nat Commun 4:2612

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cristescu R, Mogg R, Ayers M, et al. Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy [published correction appears in Science. 2019 Mar 1;363(6430):eaax1384. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1384]. Science. 2018;362(6411):eaar3593.

Zhang Y, Chen H, Mo H et al (2025) Distinct cellular mechanisms underlie chemotherapies and PD-L1 blockade combinations in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell 43(3):446-463.e7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmid P, Cortes J, Dent R et al (2022) Event-free survival with pembrolizumab in early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 386(6):556–567

Article  CAS  PubMed