Elbaz A, Carcaillon L, Kab S, Moisan F. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016;172:14–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Steece-Collier K, Maries E, Kordower JH. Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: Genetics and environment revisited. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:13972.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boulos C, Yaghi N, El Hayeck R, Heraoui GN, Fakhoury-Sayegh N. Nutritional risk factors, Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: what is the current evidence? Nutrients. 2019;11:1896.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen H, Zhang SM, Hernán MA, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Diet and Parkinson’s disease: a potential role of dairy products in men. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:793–801.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park M, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Nelson JS, et al. Consumption of milk and calcium in midlife and the future risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005;64:1047–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H, O’Reilly E, McCullough ML, Rodriguez C, Schwarzschild MA, Calle EE, et al. Dairy products and risk of Parkinson’s disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:998–1006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sääksjärvi K, Knekt P, Lundqvist A, Männistö S, Heliövaara M, Rissanen H, et al. A cohort study on diet and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: the role of food groups and diet quality. Br J Nutr. 2013;109:329–37.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kyrozis A, Ghika A, Stathopoulos P, Vassilopoulos D, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A. Dietary and lifestyle variables in relation to incidence of Parkinson’s disease in Greece. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:67–77.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hughes KC, Gao X, Kim IY, Wang M, Weisskopf MG, Schwarzschild MA, et al. Intake of dairy foods and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017;89:46–52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olsson E, Byberg L, Höijer J, Kilander L, Larsson SC. Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson’s Disease: Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2020;12:2763.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang W, Ju C, Jiang H, Zhang D. Dairy foods intake and risk of Parkinson’s disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29:613–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westreich D, Westreich D. Epidemiology by design: a Causal Approach to the Health sciences. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press; 2020.

Google Scholar 

Elbaz A. Prodromal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: implications for epidemiological studies of disease etiology. Rev Neurol. 2016;172:503–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savica R, Rocca WA, Ahlskog JE. When does Parkinson disease start? Arch Neurol. 2010;67:798–801.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schrag A, Horsfall L, Walters K, Noyce A, Petersen I. Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson’s disease in primary care: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:57–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kistner A, Krack P. Parkinson’s disease: no milk today? Front Neurol. 2014;5:172.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clavel-Chapelon F, for the E3N Study Group. Cohort Profile: the French E3N Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:801–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Canonico M, Artaud F, Degaey I, Moisan F, Kabore R, Portugal B, et al. Incidence of Parkinson’s disease in French women from the E3N cohort study over 27 years of follow-up. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022;37:513–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bower JH, Maraganore DM, McDonnell SK, Rocca WA. Incidence and distribution of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976–1990. Neurology. 1999;52:1214–1214.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moisan F, Gourlet V, Mazurie J-L, Dupupet J-L, Houssinot J, Goldberg M, et al. Prediction model of Parkinson’s Disease based on Antiparkinsonian Drug Claims. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:354–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Liere MJ, Lucas F, Clavel F, Slimani N, Villeminot S. Relative validity and reproducibility of a French dietary history questionnaire. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26(Suppl 1):S128–36.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucas F, Niravong M, Villeminot S, Kaaks R, Clavel-Chapelon F. Estimation of food portion size using photographs: validity, strengths, weaknesses and recommendations. J Hum Nutr Dietetics. 1995;8:65–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kesse E, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Norat T, Riboli E, Clavel-Chapelon F, Group E. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study. Int J Cancer. 2005;117:137–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ANSES. (2017). Ciqual Table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments [Internet]. [cited 2023 Mar 6]. https://ciqual.anses.fr/

Rees J, Ryan J, Laws M, Devine A. A comprehensive examination of the evidence for whole of diet patterns in Parkinson’s disease: a scoping review. Nutr Neurosci. 2023;1–19.

Trichopoulou A, Naska A, DAFNE III, Group. European food availability databank based on household budget surveys: the Data Food networking initiative. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13:24–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nguyen Y, Salliot C, Gelot A, Gambaretti J, Mariette X, Boutron-Ruault M-C, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: findings from the French E3N-EPIC Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73:69–77.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haneuse S. Chapter 19: categorical analysis of polytomous exposures and outcomes. Modern epidemiology. Fourth edition. Wolters kluwer; pp. 447–72.

Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, et al. Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:893–901.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pesce G, Artaud F, Roze E, Degaey I, Portugal B, Nguyen TTH, et al. Reproductive characteristics, use of exogenous hormones and Parkinson disease in women from the E3N study. Brain. 2022;146:2535–46.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Portugal B, Artaud F, Domenighetti C, Roze E, Degaey I, Canonico M, et al. Body Mass Index, Abdominal Adiposity, and incidence of Parkinson Disease in French Women from the E3N cohort study. Neurology. 2023;100:e324–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren X, Chen J-F. Caffeine and Parkinson’s Disease: multiple benefits and emerging mechanisms. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:602697.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bisaglia M. Mediterranean Diet and Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24:42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yuan S, Sun J, Lu Y, Xu F, Li D, Jiang F, et al. Health effects of milk consumption: phenome-wide mendelian randomization study. BMC Med. 2022;20:455.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Noyce AJ, Kia DA, Hemani G, Nicolas A, Price TR, De Pablo-Fernandez E, et al. Estimating the causal influence of body mass index on risk of Parkinson disease: a mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002314.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brousse Henri. Les tendances à long terme de la consommation en France du lait et du café. In: Etudes et conjoncture - Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, n°7. 1959 (14e année). pp. 677–706; https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1959.9165

Czarniecka-Skubina E, Pielak M, Sałek P, Korzeniowska-Ginter R, Owczarek T. Consumer choices and habits related to Coffee Consumption by poles. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3948.