Ajayi AM, Coker AI, Oyebanjo OT, Adebanjo IM, Ademowo OG (2022) Ananas comosus (L) Merrill (pineapple) fruit peel extract demonstrates antimalarial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental models. J Ethnopharmacol 282:114576

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akhtar G, Shabbir A (2019) Urginea indica attenuated rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory paw edema in diverse animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 238:111864

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akhtar MF, Khan K, Saleem A, Baig MMFA, Rasul A, Abdel-Daim MM (2021) Chemical characterization and anti-arthritic appraisal of Monotheca buxifolia methanolic extract in complete freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Inflammopharmacology 29:393–408

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andleeb F, Asif M, Yaseen HS (2022) Exploration of molecular mechanisms responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic attributes of methanolic extract of Viola betonicifolia. Inflammopharmacology 30:1459–1474

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arome D, Chinedu E (2013) The importance of toxicity testing. J Pharm BioSci 4:146–148

Google Scholar 

Asif M, Mahrukh, Saadullah M, Yaseen HS, Saleem M, Yousaf HM, Khan IU, Yaseen M, Shams MU (2020) Evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic attributes of methanolic extract of Launaea spinosa. Inflammopharmacology 28:993–1008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aslam S, Younis W, Malik MNH, Jahan S, Alamgeer, Uttra AM, Munir MU, Roman M (2022) Pharmacological evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of terpinen-4-ol using in vitro and in vivo assays. Inflammopharmacology 30:945–959

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bouvy ML, Heerdink ER, Hoes AW, Leufkens HGM (2003) Effects of NSAIDs on the incidence of hospitalisations for renal dysfunction in users of ACE inhibitors. Drug Saf 26:983–989

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brentano F, Kyburz D, Schorr O, Gay R, Gay S (2005) The role of toll-like receptor signalling in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Cell Immunol 233:90–96

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheriti A, Belboukhari M, Belboukhari N, Djeradi H (2012) Phytochemical and biological studies on Launaea Cass. genus (Asteraceae) from Algerian Sahara. Phytochemistry 11:67–80

CAS  Google Scholar 

Croia C, Bursi R, Sutera D, Petrelli F, Alunno A, Puxeddu I (2019) One year in review 2019: pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 37:347–357

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dayer J, Burger D (2004) Cell-cell interactions and tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 3:S14–S16

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eberhardt W, Huwiler A, Beck K-F, Walpen S, Pfeilschifter J (2000) Amplification of IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by superoxide in rat glomerular mesangial cells is mediated by increased activities of NF-κB and activating protein-1 and involves activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Immunol 165:5788–5797

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

el Darier SM, Kamal SA, Marzouk RI, Nour IH (2021) Anti-proliferative activity of Launaea fragilis (Asso) pau and Launaea nudicaulis (L.) hookf extracts. J Sci Tech Res 35:27492–27496

Google Scholar 

Farrukh M, Saleem U, Qasim M, Manan M, Shah MA (2022) Sarcococca saligna extract attenuates formaldehyde-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via modulation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 30:579–597

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN (1996) Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol 14:397–440

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Geng Q, Wei Q, Wang S, Qi H, Zhu Q, Liu X, Shi X, Wen S (2018) Physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on MH7A rheumatoid arthritis-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes through the TGF-β/MAPK pathway. Int J Mol Med 42:745–754

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gholijani N, Gharagozloo M, Kalantar F, Ramezani A, Amirghofran Z (2015) Modulation of cytokine production and transcription factors activities in human Jurkat T cells by thymol and carvacrol. Adv Pharm Bull 5:653

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed HMF, Akram A, Jabeen Q (2022) Caralluma tuberculata exhibits analgesic and anti-arthritic potential by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 30:621–638

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hasan UH, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, Jahan S, Niazi ZR, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM, Riaz H (2019) Inhibitory effects of Clematis orientalis aqueous ethanol extract and fractions on inflammatory markers in complete freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inflammopharmacology 27:781–797

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hassan UH, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Jahan S, Saleem M, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM (2019) Amelioration of adjuvant induced arthritis in Sprague Dawley rats through modulation of inflammatory mediators by ribes alpestre decne. J Ethnopharmacol 235:460–471

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayden MS, Ghosh S (2014) Regulation of NF-κB by TNF family cytokines. Seminars in immunology. Elsevier, pp 253–266

Google Scholar 

Humbare RB, Sarkar J, Kulkarni AA, Juwale MG, Deshmukh SH, Amalnerkar D, Chaskar M, Albertini MC, Rocchi MB, Kamble SC (2022) Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of Rubia cordifolia L. extracts prepared with improved extraction conditions. Antioxidants 11:1006

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kroot E, Van Leeuwen MA, Van Rijswijk MH, Prevoo ML, Vant Hof M, Van De Putte L, Van Riel P (2000) No increased mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: up to 10 years of follow up from disease onset. Ann Rheum Dis 59:954–958

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee YM, Son E, Kim S-H, Kim D-S (2022) Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Schisandra chinensis leaf extracts and monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Nutrients 14:1356

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mahdi HJ, Khan NAK, Asmawi MZB, Mahmud R, Vikneswaran A, Murugaiyah L (2018) In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Integr Med Res 7:85–94

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Musa A, Maje I, Chindo B, Ahmad MH (2022) Potential involvement of opioidergic, α1-adrenergic and serotonergic pathways in the anti-nociceptive actions of Tapinanthus globiferus A. rich (Loranthaceae) in mice. Adv Tradit Med 23:1–16

Google Scholar 

Naz R, Ahmed Z, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Kamal F (2020) Amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via inhibition of collagenase and lysosomal enzymes. Evid based Complementary Altern Med

Osman AS, Labib DA, Kamel MM (2017) Carvedilol can attenuate histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats without risk of gastric irritation. Int Immunopharmacol 50:243–250

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parthipan B, Suky M, Mohan V (2015) GC-MS analysis of phytocomponents in Pleiospermium alatum (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Swingle, (Rutaceae). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 4:216–222

Google Scholar 

Pavao-De-souza GF, Zarpelon AC, Tedeschi GC, Mizokami SS, Sanson JS, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri W (2012) Acetic acid-and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced overt pain-like behavior depends on spinal activation of MAP kinases, PI3K and microglia in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 101:320–328

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riella K, Marinho R, Santos J, Pereira-Filho R, Cardoso J, Albuquerque-Junior R, Thomazzi S (2012) Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities of thymol, a monoterpene of the essential oil from Lippia gracilis, in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 143:656–663

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saïdana D, Bouzidi A, Boussaada O, Helal A, Mahjoub M, Echafi N, Mighri Z (2014) The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Tamarix boveana and Suaeda fruticosa fractions and related active compound. Eur Sci J 10:201

Google Scholar 

Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Shahzad M, Jahan S (2020) Polystichum braunii extracts inhibit complete freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis via upregulation of I-κB, IL-4, and IL-10, downregulation of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and subsiding oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 28:1633–1648

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saleem M, Asif M, Parveen A, Yaseen HS, Saadullah M, Bashir A, Asif J, Arif M, Khan IU, Khan RU (2021) Investigation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic attributes of coumarin-rich ethanolic extract of Melilotus indicus. Inflammopharmacology 29:281–293

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schulze-Koops H, Kalden JR (2001) The balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 15:677–691

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Bhardwaj N, Kumar D, Padwad Y (2022) Berberis lycium fruit extract and its phytoconstituents berberine and rutin mitigate collagen–CFA-induced arthritis (CIA) via improving GSK3β/STAT/Akt/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling axis mediated oxi-inflammation and joint articular damage in murine model. Inflammopharmacology 30:655–666

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siddique R, Mehmood MH, Haris M, Saleem A, Chaudhry Z (2022) Promising role of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 30:1207–1218

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sivakumaran G, Prabhu K, Rao M, Jones S, Sundaram RL, Ulhas VR, Vijayalakshmi N (2019) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of one ayurvedic oil, Ksheerabala Thailam. Drug Inve