Isakoff, M. S., Bielack, S. S., Meltzer, P. & Gorlick, R. Osteosarcoma: current treatment and a collaborative pathway to success. J. Clin. Oncol. 33, 3029–3035 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oh, D. Y. & Bang, Y. J. HER2-targeted therapies—a role beyond breast cancer. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17, 33–48 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebb, D. et al. Phase II trial of trastuzumab in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression: a report from the children’s oncology group. J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2545–2551 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scotlandi, K. et al. Prognostic and therapeutic relevance of HER2 expression in osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Eur. J. Cancer 41, 1349–1361 (2005).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahmed, N. et al. Immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: genetic modification of T cells overcomes low levels of tumor antigen expression. Mol. Ther. 17, 1779–1787 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Majzner, R. G. et al. Tuning the antigen density requirement for CAR T-cell activity. Cancer Discov. 10, 702–723 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heitzeneder, S. et al. GPC2-CAR T cells tuned for low antigen density mediate potent activity against neuroblastoma without toxicity. Cancer Cell 40, 53–69 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahmed, N. et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the immunotherapy of HER2-positive sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 33, 1688–1696 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahmed, N. et al. HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified virus-specific T cells for progressive glioblastoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. JAMA Oncol. 3, 1094–1101 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu, X. J., Zhao, H. Z. & Tang, Y. M. Efficacy and safety of adoptive immunotherapy using anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor transduced T-cells: a systematic review of phase I clinical trials. Leuk. Lymphoma 54, 255–260 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mueller, K. T. et al. Cellular kinetics of CTL019 in relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 130, 2317–2325 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Straathof, K. et al. Antitumor activity without on-target off-tumor toxicity of GD2-chimeric antigen receptor T cells in patients with neuroblastoma. Sci. Transl. Med. 12, eabd6169 (2020).

Majzner, R. G. et al. GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas. Nature 603, 934–941 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Louis, C. U. et al. Antitumor activity and long-term fate of chimeric antigen receptor-positive T cells in patients with neuroblastoma. Blood 118, 6050–6056 (2011).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Narayan, V. et al. PSMA-targeting TGFβ-insensitive armored CAR T cells in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 28, 724–734 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Srivastava, S. et al. Immunogenic chemotherapy enhances recruitment of CAR-T cells to lung tumors and improves antitumor efficacy when combined with checkpoint blockade. Cancer Cell 39, 193–208 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Bufalo, F. et al. GD2-CART01 for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 388, 1284–1295 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shum, T. et al. Constitutive signaling from an engineered IL7 receptor promotes durable tumor elimination by tumor-redirected T cells. Cancer Discov. 7, 1238–1247 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen, Y. et al. Eradication of neuroblastoma by T cells redirected with an optimized GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor and interleukin-15. Clin. Cancer Res. 25, 2915–2924 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morgan, R. A. et al. Case report of a serious adverse event following the administration of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing ERBB2. Mol. Ther. 18, 843–851 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schneeweiss, A. et al. Long-term efficacy analysis of the randomised, phase II TRYPHAENA cardiac safety study: evaluating pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus standard neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing and anthracycline-free chemotherapy regimens in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 89, 27–35 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng, K. et al. Phase I study of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in treating HER2-positive advanced biliary tract cancers and pancreatic cancers. Protein Cell 9, 838–847 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegde, M. et al. Tumor response and endogenous immune reactivity after administration of HER2 CAR T cells in a child with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat. Commun. 11, 3549 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee, D. W. et al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant 25, 625–638 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kempf-Bielack, B. et al. Osteosarcoma relapse after combined modality therapy: an analysis of unselected patients in the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group (COSS). J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 559–568 (2005).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pappo, A. S. & Dirksen, U. Rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and other round cell sarcomas. J. Clin. Oncol. 36, 168–179 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robbins, P. F. et al. Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1. J. Clin. Oncol. 29, 917–924 (2011).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D’Angelo, S. P. et al. Antitumor activity associated with prolonged persistence of adoptively transferred NY-ESO-1 c259T cells in synovial sarcoma. Cancer Discov. 8, 944–957 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Terry, R. L. et al. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pediatric sarcoma. Cancers 13, 4704 (2021).

Modak, S., Kramer, K., Gultekin, S. H., Guo, H. F. & Cheung, N. K. Monoclonal antibody 8H9 targets a novel cell surface antigen expressed by a wide spectrum of human solid tumors. Cancer Res. 61, 4048–4054 (2001).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gorlick, R. et al. Expression of HER2/erbB-2 correlates with survival in osteosarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2781–2788, (1999).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parsons, D. W. et al. Actionable tumor alterations and treatment protocol enrollment of pediatric and young adult patients with refractory cancers in the National Cancer Institute-Children’s Oncology Group pediatric MATCH trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 40, 2224–2234 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’Rourke, D. M. et al. A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvIII-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaaa0984 (2017).

Davila, M. L. et al. Efficacy and toxicity management of 19-28z CAR T cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci. Transl. Med. 6, 224ra225 (2014).

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee, D. W. et al. T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 385, 517–528 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Portera, C. C. et al. Cardiac toxicity and efficacy of trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab in patients with [corrected] human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 2710–2716 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seidman, A. et al. Cardiac dysfunction in the trastuzumab clinical trials experience. J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 1215–1221 (2002).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slamon, D. J. et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 783–792 (2001).

Article  CAS