Mateos V, Pareja JA, Pascual J (2009) Tratado de cefaleas. S.A. Ediciones, Madrid, Luzán, p 5

Hautakangas H, Winsvold BS, Ruotsalainen SE, Bjornsdottir G, Harder AVE, Kogelman LJA, Thomas LF, Noordam R et al (2022) Genome-wide analysis of 102,084 migraine cases identifies 123 risk loci and subtype-specific risk alleles. Nat Genet 54(2):152–160. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00990-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Puledda F, Silva EM, Suwanlaong K, Goadsby PJ (2023) Migraine: from pathophysiology to treatment. J Neurol. 270(7):3654–3666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11706-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Kozubski W, Lianeri M, Dorszewska J (2016) Molecular factors in migraine. Oncotarget 7(31):50708–50718. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9367

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

García-Martín E, Navarro-Muñoz S, Ayuso P, Rodríguez C, Serrador M, Alonso-Navarro H, Calleja M, Navacerrada F et al (2023) Lack of association between common LAG3/CD4 variants and risk of migraine. Int J Mol Sci 24(2):1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021292

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yilmaz G, Sürer H, Inan LE, Coskun O, Yücel D (2007) Increased nitrosative and oxidative stress in platelets of migraine patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 211(1):23–30. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.211.23

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shimomura T, Kowa H, Nakano T, Kitano A, Marukawa H, Urakami K, Takahashi K (1994) Platelet superoxide dismutase in migraine and tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 14(3):215–218. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.014003215.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shukla R, Barthwal MK, Srivastava N, Sharma P, Raghavan SA, Nag D, Srimal RC, Seth PK et al (2004) Neutrophil-free radical generation and enzymatic antioxidants in migraine patients. Cephalalgia 24(1):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00631.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taffi R, Vignini A, Lanciotti C, Luconi R, Nanetti L, Mazzanti L, Provinciali L, Silvestrini M et al (2005) Platelet membrane fluidity and peroxynitrite levels in migraine patients during headache-free periods. Cephalalgia 25(5):353–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00863.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee YY, Yang YP, Huang PI, Li WC, Huang MC, Kao CL, Chen YJ, Chen MT (2015) Exercise suppresses COX-2 pro-inflammatory pathway in vestibular migraine. Brain Res Bull 116:98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.06.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tozzi-Ciancarelli MG, De Matteis G, Di Massimo C, Marini C, Ciancarelli I, Carolei A (1997) Oxidative stress and platelet responsiveness in migraine. Cephalalgia 17(5):580–584. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1705580.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aczél T, Benczik B, Ágg B, Körtési T, Urbán P, Bauer W, Gyenesei A, Tuka B et al (2022) Disease- and headache-specific microRNA signatures and their predicted mRNA targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in migraineurs: role of inflammatory signalling and oxidative stress. J Headache Pain 23(1):113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01478-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tuncel D, Tolun FI, Gokce M, Imrek S, Ekerbiçer H (2008) Oxidative stress in migraine with and without aura. Biol Trace Elem Res 126(1–3):92–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8193-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boćkowski L, Sobaniec W, Kułak W, Smigielska-Kuzia J (2008) Serum and intraerythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides in children with migraine. Pharmacol Rep 60(4):542–548

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vurucu S, Karaoglu A, Paksu MS, Yesilyurt O, Oz O, Unay B, Akin R (2013) Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children. Hum Exp Toxicol 32(2):113–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327112459204

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erol I, Alehan F, Aldemir D, Ogus E (2020) Increased vulnerability to oxidative stress in pediatric migraine patients. Pediatr Neurol 43(1):21–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.02.014

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Huang J, Zhang Z, Cao Z (2021) Altered metabolites in the occipital lobe in migraine without aura during the attack and the interictal period. Front Neurol 12:656349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.656349

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tietjen GE, Herial NA, White L, Utley C, Kosmyna JM, Khuder SA (2009) Migraine and biomarkers of endothelial activation in young women. Stroke 40(9):2977–2982. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.547901

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ciancarelli I, Tozzi-Ciancarelli MG, Spacca G, Di Massimo C, Carolei A (2007) Relationship between biofeedback and oxidative stress in patients with chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 27(10):1136–2241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01398.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gross EC, Putananickal N, Orsini AL, Vogt DR, Sandor PS, Schoenen J, Fischer D (2021) Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers in higher-frequency episodic migraine. Sci Rep 11(1):4543. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84102-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gupta R, Pathak R, Bhatia MS, Banerjee BD (2009) Comparison of oxidative stress among migraineurs, tension-type headache subjects, and a control group. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 12(3):167–172. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.56316

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernecker C, Ragginer C, Fauler G, Horejsi R, Möller R, Zelzer S, Lechner A, Wallner-Blazek M et al (2011) Oxidative stress is associated with migraine and migraine-related metabolic risk in females. Eur J Neurol 18(10):1233–1239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03414.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aytaç B, Coşkun Ö, Alioğlu B, Durak ZE, Büber S, Tapçi E, Ocal R, Inan LE et al (2014) Decreased antioxidant status in migraine patients with brain white matter hyperintensities. Neurol Sci 35(12):1925–1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1864-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yigit M, Sogut O, Tataroglu Ö, Yamanoglu A, Yigit E, Güler EM, Ozer OF, Kocyigit A (2018) Oxidative/antioxidative status, lymphocyte DNA damage, and urotensin-2 receptor level in patients with migraine attacks. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 24(14):367–374. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S156710

Article  Google Scholar 

Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Ghorbani Z, Ghaemi A, Rafiee P (2019) An investigation of oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with migraine: a case-control study. BMC Neurol 19(1):323. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1555-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bulboacă AE, Stănescu IC, Bolboacă SD, Bulboacă AC, Bodizs GI, Nicula CA (2029) Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and oxidative stress parameters in migraine patients without aura: a pilot study. Antioxidants (Basel) 9(6):494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060494

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Talaie A, Jafary H, Faraji F, Malekirad AA (2022) The serum oxidative stress biomarkers and selenium levels in a group of migraine patients compared with healthy controls: a case-control study. Biol Trace Elem Res 200(10):4250–4255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03024-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucchesi C, Baldacci F, Cafalli M, Chico L, Lo Gerfo A, Bonuccelli U, Siciliano G, Gori S (2015) Evidences of reduced antioxidant activity in patients with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache. Headache 55(7):984–991. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12608

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dini E, Mazzucchi S, De Luca C, Cafalli M, Chico L, Lo Gerfo A, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U et al (2019) Plasma levels of oxidative stress markers, before and after BoNT/A treatment, in chronic migraine. Toxins (Basel) 11(10):608. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100608

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yazar T, Yazar HO, Aygün A, Karabacak V, Altunkaynak Y, Kirbaş D (2021) Evaluation of serum uric levels in migraine. Neurol Sci 42(2):705–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04598-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alp R, Selek S, Alp SI, Taşkin A, Koçyiğit A (2010) Oxidative and antioxidative balance in patients of migraine. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14(10):877–882

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yilmaz N, Aydin O, Yegin A, Tiltak A, Eren E, Aykal G (2011) Impaired oxidative balance and association of blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index in migraine. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 21(2):145–151. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2011.023

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yilmaz N, Aydin O, Yegin A, Tiltak A, Eren E (2011) Increased levels of total oxidant status and decreased activity of arylesterase in migraineurs. Clin Biochem 44(10–11):832–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.04.015

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eren Y, Dirik E, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö (2015) Oxidative stress and decre