Khetsuriani N, Mosina L, Van Damme P, Mozalevskis A, Datta S, Tohme RA (2021) Progress toward hepatitiS B control - World Health Organization European Region, 2016–2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 70(30):1029–1035

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao F, Xie X, Tan X, Yu H, Tian M, Lv H, Qin C, Qi J, Zhu Q (2021) The functions of hepatitis B virus encoding proteins: viral persistence and liver pathogenesis. Front Immunol 12:691766

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iannacone M, Guidotti LG (2022) Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 22(1):19–32

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao X, Wang Y, Li P, Huang W, Lu X, Lu H (2021) HBV reactivation during the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and management strategies. Front Oncol 11:685706

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nguyen MH, Wong G, Gane E, Kao JH, Dusheiko G (2020) Hepatitis B virus: advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev 33(2)

Yu X, Lan P, Hou X, Han Q, Lu N, Li T, Jiao C, Zhang J, Zhang C, Tian Z (2017) HBV inhibits LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production via suppressing the NF-κB pathway and ROS production. J Hepatol 66(4):693–702

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Bian H, Li F, Li X, Zhang D, Sun S, Song S, Zhu Q, Ren W, Qin C et al (2018) HBeAg induces the expression of macrophage miR-155 to accelerate liver injury via promoting production of inflammatory cytokines. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 75(14):2627–2641

Xie X, Lv H, Liu C, Su X, Yu Z, Song S, Bian H, Tian M, Qin C, Qi J et al (2021) HBeAg mediates inflammatory functions of macrophages by TLR2 contributing to hepatic fibrosis. BMC Med 19(1):247

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Bian H, Xie X, Yang X, Bi B, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Song J, Qin C et al (2020) Negative feedback loop of ERK/CREB/miR-212-3p inhibits HBeAg-induced macrophage activation. J Cell Mol Med 24(18):10935–10945

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen C, Zheng B, Han J, Lin SC (1997) Characterization of a novel mammalian RGS protein that binds to Galpha proteins and inhibits pheromone signaling in yeast. J Biol Chem 272(13):8679–8685

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen CK, Wieland T, Simon MI (1996) RGS-r, a retinal specific RGS protein, binds an intermediate conformation of transducin and enhances recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(23):12885–12889

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Snow BE, Antonio L, Suggs S, Siderovski DP (1998) Cloning of a retinally abundant regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS-r/RGS16): genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene. Gene 206(2):247–253

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masuho I, Balaji S, Muntean BS, Skamangas NK, Chavali S, Tesmer JJG, Babu MM, Martemyanov KA (2020) A global maP of G protein signaling regulation by RGS proteins. Cell 183(2):503-521.e519

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bansal G, Druey KM, Xie Z (2007) R4 RGS proteins: regulation of G-protein signaling and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 116(3):473–495

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tian M, Ma Y, Li T, Wu N, Li J, Jia H, Yan M, Wang W, Bian H, Tan X et al (2022) Functions of regulators of G protein signaling 16 in immunity, inflammation, and other diseases. Front Mol Biosci 9:962321

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liang G, Bansal G, Xie Z, Druey KM (2009) RGS16 inhibits breast cancer cell growth by mitigating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. J Biol Chem 284(32):21719–21727

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi CY, Rho SB, Kim HS, Han J, Bae J, Lee SJ, Jung WW, Chun T (2015) The ORF3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 promotes secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in porcine epithelial cells by facilitating proteasomal degradation of regulator of G protein signalling 16 through physical interaction. J Gen Virol 96(Pt 5):1098–1108

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suurväli J, Pahtma M, Saar R, Paalme V, Nutt A, Tiivel T, Saaremäe M, Fitting C, Cavaillon JM, Rüütel Boudinot S (2015) RGS16 restricts the pro-inflammatory response of monocytes. Scand J Immunol 81(1):23–30

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen C, Wang H, Fong CW, Lin SC (2001) Multiple phosphorylation sites in RGS16 differentially modulate its GAP activity. FEBS Lett 504(1–2):16–22

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Derrien A, Druey KM (2001) RGS16 function is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 276(51):48532–48538

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamilton EM, Rassam W, Yan Y, Singh A, Ng SYA, Zhang J, Lv J, Islam N, Malouf R, Yang L et al (2023) Correlates of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the general adult population of China: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat

Fung S, Choi HSJ, Gehring A, Janssen HLA (2022) Getting to HBV cure: the promising paths forward. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD) 76(1):233–250

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kimple AJ, Bosch DE, Giguère PM, Siderovski DP (2011) Regulators of G-protein signaling and their Gα substrates: promises and challenges in their use as drug discovery targets. Pharmacol Rev 63(3):728–749

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tesmer JJ, Berman DM, Gilman AG, Sprang SR (1997) Structure of RGS4 bound to AlF4–activated G(i alpha1): stabilization of the transition state for GTP hydrolysis. Cell 89(2):251–261

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Druey KM, Ugur O, Caron JM, Chen CK, Backlund PS, Jones TL (1999) Amino-terminal cysteine residues of RGS16 are required for palmitoylation and modulation of Gi- and Gq-mediated signaling. J Biol Chem 274(26):18836–18842

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hiol A, Davey PC, Osterhout JL, Waheed AA, Fischer ER, Chen CK, Milligan G, Druey KM, Jones TL (2003) Palmitoylation regulates regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) 16 function. I. Mutation of amino-terminal cysteine residues on RGS16 prevents its targeting to lipid rafts and palmitoylation of an internal cysteine residue. J Biol Chem 278(21):19301–19308

Derrien A, Zheng B, Osterhout JL, Ma YC, Milligan G, Farquhar MG, Druey KM (2003) Src-mediated RGS16 tyrosine phosphorylation promotes RGS16 stability. J Biol Chem 278(18):16107–16116

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang S, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R (2022) Viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR-mediated innate immunity. Front Immunol 13:1065211

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gruber EJ, Leifer CA (2020) Molecular regulation of TLR signaling in health and disease: mechano-regulation of macrophages and TLR signaling. Innate Immun 26(1):15–25

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sujitha S (2017) Rasool M MicroRNAs and bioactive compounds on TLR/MAPK signaling in rheumatoid arthritis Clinica chimica acta international. J Clin Chem 473:106–115

Son HJ, Eo HJ, Park GH, Jeong JB (2021) Heracleum moellendorffii root extracts exert immunostimulatory activity through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK activation in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Nutr 9(1):514–521

Xu Z, Hao X, Li M, Luo H (2022) Rhodococcus equi-derived extracellular vesicles promoting inflammatory response in macrophage through TLR2-NF-κB/MAPK pathways. Int J Mol  Sci 23(17)

Zhao M, Hou J, Zheng S, Ma X, Fu X, Hu S, Zhao K, Xu W (2022) Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn polysaccharides regulate macrophage inflammatory response through TLR2/TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Biomed Pharmacother Biomed Pharmacother 152:113258

Dai X, Lin A, Mi X, Ke Y, Zhang J, Chen X (2023) p38 and ERK1/2-dependent activation of c-Jun is required for the downregulation of oxidative stress-induced ERα in hypothalamic astrocytes. Neuroendocrinology 

Martina JA, Jeong E, Puertollano R (2023) p38 MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB promotes monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. EMBO Rep 24(2):e55472

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng Y, Hao Y, Zhang A, Hu C, Jiang X, Wu Q, Xu X (2018) Persistent STAT5-mediated ROS production and involvement of aberrant p53 apoptotic signaling in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib. Int J Mol Med 41(1):455–463

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Li L, Li M, Shen X, Liu Y, Wang S (2021) Inactivated STAT5 pathway underlies a novel inhibitory role of EBF1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Cell Res 398(1):112371

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar