Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect

Tang X, Tang S, Ren Z, Wong DFK. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents in secondary school in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019;245:498–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.043.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou S-J, Zhang L-G, Wang L-L, Guo Z-C, Wang J-Q, Chen J-C, et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29(6):749–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01541-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Copeland WE, Alaie I, Jonsson U, Shanahan L. Associations of childhood and adolescent depression with adult psychiatric and functional outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;60(5):604–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.895.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wright JH, Beck AT. Cognitive therapy of depression - theory and practice. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1983;34(12):1119–27.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tariq A, Reid C, Chan SWY. A meta-analysis of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Psychol Med. 2021;51(8):1233–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721001458.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicol A, Mak AS, Murray K, Walker I, Buckmaster D. The relationships between early maladaptive schemas and youth mental health: a systematic review. Cognit Ther Res. 2020;44(4):715–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10092-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

LaGrange B, Cole DA, Jacquez F, Ciesla J, Dallaire D, Pineda A, et al. Disentangling the prospective relations between maladaptive cognitions and depressive symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol. 2011;120(3):511–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024685.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gong JB, Chan RCK. Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between childhood maltreatment and later psychological distress among Chinese college students. Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:493–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

May T, Younan R, Pilkington PD. Adolescent maladaptive schemas and childhood abuse and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(4):1159–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2712.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vallati M, Cunningham S, Mazurka R, Stewart JG, Larocque C, Milev RV, et al. Childhood maltreatment and the clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder in adolescence and adulthood. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020;129(5):469–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000521.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA. Beyond cumulative risk: a dimensional approach to childhood adversity. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2016;25(4):239–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416655883.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press; 2003. 436–Chapter xii, 436 p.

Google Scholar 

Eberhart NK, Auerbach RP, Bigda-Peyton J, Abela JRZ. Maladaptive schemas and depression: tests of stress generation and diathesis-stress models. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2011;30(1):75–104. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.1.75.

Article  Google Scholar 

Calvete E. Emotional abuse as a predictor of early maladaptive schemas in adolescents: contributions to the development of depressive and social anxiety symptoms. Child Abuse Negl. 2014;38(4):735–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calvete E, Fernandez-Gonzalez L, Orue I, Little TD. Exposure to Family Violence and dating Violence perpetration in adolescents: potential cognitive and emotional mechanisms. Psychol Violence. 2018;8(1):67–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000076.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mateos-Pérez E, Calvete E, Hankin BL. Negative inferences as mediators of the predictive association between early maladaptive schemas and depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2015;34(3):259–76. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2015.34.3.259.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lewinsohn PM, Steinmetz JL, Larson DW, Franklin J. Depression-related cognitions: antecedent or consequence? J Abnorm Psychol. 1981;90(3):213–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.90.3.213.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS, Seligman ME. Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: a 5-year longitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol. 1992;101(3):405–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.405.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gómez-Odriozola J, Calvete E. Longitudinal bidirectional associations between dispositional mindfulness, maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Mindfulness. 2020;11(8):1943–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01402-w.

Article  Google Scholar 

Auerbach RP, Eberhart NK, Abela JRZ. Cognitive vulnerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010;38(1):57–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9344-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen JR, Sheshko DM, Ames AM, Young JF, Hansford AP, Zhu X, et al. Self-perceived competence in mainland China: a multiwave longitudinal examination of internalizing symptoms in Chinese adolescents. J Res Adolescence. 2015;25(3):564–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12146.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yiğit İ, Kılıç H, Guzey Yiğit M, Çelik C. Emotional and physical maltreatment, early maladaptive schemas, and internalizing disorders in adolescents: a multi-group path model of clinical and non-clinical samples. Curr Psychology: J Diverse Perspect Diverse Psychol Issues. 2021;40(3):1356–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0068-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim-Spoon J, Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA. A longitudinal study of emotion regulation, emotion lability-negativity, and internalizing symptomatology in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Dev. 2013;84(2):512–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01857.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Mahen HA, Karl A, Moberly N, Fedock G. The association between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation: two different mechanisms contributing to depression? J Affect Disord. 2015;174:287–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.028.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelvin RG, Goodyer IM, Teasdale JD, Brechin D. Latent negative self-schema and high emotionality in well adolescents at risk for psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40(6):959–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00513.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Orchard F, Reynolds S. The combined influence of cognitions in adolescent depression: biases of interpretation, self-evaluation, and memory. Br J Clin Psychol. 2018;57(4):420–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12184.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alba J, Calvete E. Bidirectional relationships between stress, depressive symptoms, and cognitive vulnerabilities in adolescents. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2019;38(2):87–112. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.2.87.

Article  Google Scholar 

Su Y, D’Arcy C, Yuan S, Meng X. How does childhood maltreatment influence ensuing cognitive functioning among people with the exposure of childhood maltreatment? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:278–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.026.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Usacheva M, Choe D, Liu S, Timmer S, Belsky J. Testing the empirical integration of threat-deprivation and harshness-unpredictability dimensional models of adversity. Dev Psychopathol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McLaughlin KA. Future directions in childhood adversity and youth psychopathology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016;45(3):361–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Dimensions of early experience and neural development: deprivation and threat. Trends Cogn Sci. 2014;18(11):580–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.09.001.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McLaughlin KA, Green JG, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC. Childhood adversities and first onset of psychiatric disorders in a national sample of US adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry. 2012;69(11):1151–60.

Google Scholar 

LoPilato AM, Zhang Y, Pike M, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, et al. Associations between childhood adversity, cognitive schemas and attenuated psychotic symptoms. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(4):818–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13017.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Lu JJ, Liu Q, Yu QH, Fan J, Gao F, et al. Childhood experiences of threat and deprivation predict distinct depressive symptoms: a parallel latent growth curve model. J Affect Disord. 2022;319:244–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.061.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brenning K, Bosmans G, Braet C, Theuwis L. Gender differences in cognitive schema vulnerability and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Behav Change. 2012;29(3):164–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lenroot RK, Giedd JN. Sex differences in the adolescent brain. Brain Cogn. 2010;72(1):46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2009.10.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. The Lancet. 2012;379(9820):1056–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zahn-Waxler C, Shirtcliff EA, Marceau K. Disorders of childhood and adolescence: gender and psychopathology. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2008;4:275–303. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358.

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif