Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. The incidence of non-squamous carcinoma cervix, relative to squamous cell carcinoma, seems to have been increasing over the past 15 years, and adenocarcinomas currently constitute 10–20% of cervical cancers.

Several epidemiological risk factors are associated with the pathology of cervical cancer which includes HPV, early age at marriage, first childbirth, multiparity, having multiple sex partners, etc. Radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is considered the standard care for the surgical management of early-stage cervical cancer.

Primary Objective: To estimate incidence and prevalence of squamous and non-squamous histology of carcinoma cervix in a tertiary care hospital. Secondary Objective: To make a comparative analysis of the socio-demographic factors of cervical cancer in squamous and non-squamous histology. To review the management of cervical cancer.

Current study is a retrospective audit of all biopsy-proven carcinoma cervix patients registered at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022. Clinical and pathological data of 320 patients were reviewed. Parameters such as age, marital status, socioeconomic status, and histological data were recorded.

Out of a total of 320 cervical cancer cases, 288 (90%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 32 (10%) were non-squamous cell carcinoma (NSCC). The most common age group of the presentation was ranged between 45 and 59 years in both SCC and NSCC groups. In the SCC group, the majority belonged to the lower and lower middle socioeconomic (SE) class. In the NSCC group, majority belonged to the middle and upper SE classes. Patients in both the groups staged with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2, and IIA1 were treated with surgery. Adjuvant treatment in the form of radiotherapy and/or concurrent chemotherapy was added based on adverse features in histopathology report post-surgery. For stage IB3 and IIA2 onwards, treatment plan was pelvic EBRT with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy followed by brachytherapy in both SCC and NSCC groups. Stage IVB was treated with systemic therapy. Few patients with residual disease after completion of chemoradiation were taken for salvage surgery.

Our study suggests that overall proportion of non-squamous cell carcinoma cervix is essentially similar to previous trends. However, there is an increasing trend of non-squamous cell carcinoma mainly observed in < 56 years of age. It also suggests a high proportion of late presenters with lower SE status in the SCC group and upper SE in the NSCC group. Patients are still under surveillance and long-term follow-up is required to determine control, prognosis, and survival rates of a non-squamous variety of carcinoma cervix.