ITU-T, ITU-T (2013) Recommendation G.989.1 40-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2): General Requirements 1–26.

S. Bindhaiq, A.S.M. Supa’At, N. Zulkifli, A.B. Mohammad, R.Q. Shaddad, M.A. Elmagzoub, A. Faisal, Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2). Opt. Switch. Netw. 15, 53–66 (2015)

Article  Google Scholar 

D. Nesset, NG-PON2 technology and standards. J. Light. Technol. 33(5), 1136–1143 (2015)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

N. Cheng, Flexible TWDM PON with WDM overlay for converged services. Opt. Fiber Technol. 26, 21–30 (2015)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

S. Bindhaiq, N. Zulkifli, A.M. Supa’at, S.M. Idrus, M.S. Salleh, 128 Gb/s TWDM PON system using dispersion-supported transmission method. Opt. Fiber Technol. 38(7), 87–97 (2017)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

H.S. Abbas, M.A. Gregory, The next generation of passive optical networks: A review. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 67, 53–74 (2016)

Article  Google Scholar 

M. Kumari, R. Sharma, and A. Sheetal, (2020) Performance analysis of high Speed backward compatible TWDM-PON with hybrid WDM OCDMA PON using different OCDMA Codes, Opt Quant Elecron 52 (11)

Z. Li, L. Yi, Y. Zhang, Y. Dong, S. Xiao, W. Hu, Compatible TDM/WDM PON using a single tunable optical filter for both downstream wavelength selection and upstream wavelength generation. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24(10), 797–799 (2012)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

M. Kumari, R. Sharma, A. Sheetal, Emerging next-generation twdm-pon with suitable modulation format. Lect. Notes Networks Syst. 140, 187–199 (2021)

Article  Google Scholar 

X. Yin, J. Van Kerrebrouck, J. Verbist, B. Moeneclaey, X.Z. Qiu, J. Bauwelinck, D. Lanteri, F. Blache, M. Achouche, P. Demeester, An Asymmetric High Serial Rate TDM-PON with Single Carrier 25 Gb/s Upstream and 50 Gb/s Downstream. J. Light. Technol. 34(2), 819–825 (2016)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

U. Tiwari, T.S. Saini, C. Saini, M. Bharadwaj, Performance evaluation of the UDWDM-PON with 10 Gbps bit rate using FBG based dispersion compensation. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 20(3–4), 113–117 (2018)

Google Scholar 

B. Dabarsyah, C.S. Goh, S.K. Khijwania, S.Y. Set, K. Katoh, K. Kikuchi, Adjustable dispersion compensators with wavelength tunability based on enhanced thermal chirping of fiber Bragg gratings. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. ECOC 3(9), 2711–2718 (2002)

Google Scholar 

D. Systems, ITU-T (2020), Vol. 2.

P. Torres-Ferrera, H. Wang, V. Ferrero, M. Valvo, R. Gaudino, Optimization of Band-Limited DSP-Aided 25 and 50 Gb/s PON Using 10G-Class DML and APD. J. Light. Technol. 38(3), 608–618 (2020)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

M. Kumari, R. Sharmaa, A. Sheetal, Performance analysis of full-duplex 4 × 10Gbps TWDM- PON using QAM-OFDM modulation. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun. 15(3), 133–147 (2021)

Google Scholar 

A.K. Garg, V. Janyani, G. Singh, T. Ismail, H. Selmy, Dedicated and broadcasting downstream transmission with energy-efficient and latency-aware ONU interconnection in WDM-PON for smart cities. Opt. Fiber Technol. 52(1), 101949 (2019)

Article  Google Scholar 

V. Kachhatiya, S. Prince, Four-fold increase in users of time-wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) passive optical network (PON) by delayed optical amplitude modulation (AM) upstream. Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, 71–81 (2016)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

R.A. Pagare, S. Kumar, A. Mishra, Design and analysis of hybrid optical distribution network for worst-case scenario of E2-class symmetric coexistence 80 Gbps TWDM NG-PON2 architecture for FTTX access networks. Optik (Stuttg). 228(7), 166168 (2021)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

P.N. Kumar, A. Sangeetha, Implementation of Extended Reach Hybrid TDM-PON for 1: 128 split ratio. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 5(3), 2138–2144 (2013)

Google Scholar 

B. Lin, Y. Li, S. Zhang, X. Tang, Asymmetrical TWDM-PON with 4 × 25-Gb/s downstream DSB OFDM and 4 × 10-Gb/s upstream OOK modulations. Opt. Fiber Technol. 26, 206–210 (2015)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

S. Bindhaiq, N. Zulkifli, A.S. Abu, R.Q. Shaddad, Capacity improvement of TWDM-PONs exploiting the 16-QAM technique for downstream side with a nonlinearity effect study for upstream DML. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(10), 1018–1024 (2015)

Article  Google Scholar 

N. Cheng, J. Gao, C. Xu, B. Gao, D. Liu, L. Wang, X. Wu, X. Zhou, H. Lin, F. Effenberger, Flexible TWDM PON system with pluggable optical transceiver modules. Opt. Express 22(2), 2078 (2014)

Article  ADS  Google Scholar