Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z, Aldossary M, Acquart S, Cognasse F, et al. Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(2):167–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Debourdeau E, Builles N, Couderc G, Boulhic J, Chamard C, Villain M, et al. Risk factors of rejection after penetrating keratoplasty: a retrospective monocentric study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;260(11):3627–38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu AL, Kaiser M, Schaumberger M, Messmer E, Kook D, Welge-Lussen U. Donor-related risk factors and preoperative recipient-related risk factors for graft failure. Cornea. 2014;33(11):1149–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alio JL, Montesel A, El Sayyad F, Barraquer RI, Arnalich-Montiel F, Alio Del Barrio JL. Corneal graft failure: an update. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(8):1049–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amouzegar A, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Alloimmunity and tolerance in corneal transplantation. J Immunol. 2016;196(10):3983–91.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hos D, Matthaei M, Bock F, Maruyama K, Notara M, Clahsen T, et al. Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;73:100768.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhong W, Montana M, Santosa SM, Isjwara ID, Huang Y-H, Han K-Y, et al. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal transplantation—a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018;63(4):453–79.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hou Y, Bock F, Hos D, Cursiefen C. Lymphatic trafficking in the eye: modulation of lymphatic trafficking to promote corneal transplant survival. Cells. 2021;10(7):1661.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dohlman TH, Omoto M, Hua J, Stevenson W, Lee S-M, Chauhan SK, et al. VEGF-trap aflibercept significantly improves long-term graft survival in high-risk corneal transplantation. Transplantation. 2015;99(4):678–86.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tahvildari M, Amouzegar A, Foulsham W, Dana R. Therapeutic approaches for induction of tolerance and immune quiescence in corneal allotransplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018;75(9):1509–20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yu K, Lian X-F, Jiang X-Y, Zhou S-Y. Efficacy of immunosuppressants in high rejection risk keratoplasty: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Cornea. 2021;40(6):800–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Huang J, Wu J, Hao J, Fu B, Wang Y, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif. 2022;55(4):e13141.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lu X, Ru Y, Chu C, Lv Y, Gao Y, Jia Z, et al. Lentivirus-mediated IL-10-expressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote corneal allograft survival upregulating lncRNA 003946 in a rat model of corneal allograft rejection. Theranostics. 2020;10(18):8446–67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sarsenova M, Kim Y, Raziyeva K, Kazybay B, Ogay V, Saparov A. Recent advances to enhance the immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1010399.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Weiss ML, Anderson C, Medicetty S, Seshareddy KB, Weiss RJ, VanderWerff I, et al. Immune properties of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived cells. Stem Cells. 2008;26(11):2865–74.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harasymiak-Krzyżanowska I, Niedojadło A, Karwat J, Kotuła L, Gil-Kulik P, Sawiuk M, et al. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells show considerable promise for regenerative medicine applications. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2013;18(4):479–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan K, Zheng K, Li D, Lu H, Wang S, Sun X. Impact of adipose tissue or umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells on the immunogenicity of human cord blood derived endothelial progenitor cells. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0178624.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ansari S, Chen C, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Yu B, Zadeh HH, Wu BM, et al. Hydrogel elasticity and microarchitecture regulate dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell-host immune system cross-talk. Acta Biomater. 2017;60:181–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shin S, Lee J, Kwon Y, Park K-S, Jeong J-H, Choi S-J, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of the mesenchymal stem cells secretome from adipose, bone marrow, placenta and Wharton’s jelly. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):845.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hua J, Yu H, Dong W, Yang C, Gao Z, Lei A, et al. Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human fetal lung: potential differentiation of germ cells. Tissue Cell. 2009;41(6):448–55.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ghanta S, Kwon M-Y, Rosas IO, Liu X, Perrella MA. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: Does the source matter? Crit Care Med. 2018;46(2):343–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heo JS, Choi Y, Kim H-S, Kim HO. Comparison of molecular profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta and adipose tissue. Int J Mol Med. 2016;37(1):115–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bunnell BA. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cells. 2021;10(12):3433.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raicevic G, Najar M, Stamatopoulos B, De Bruyn C, Meuleman N, Bron D, et al. The source of human mesenchymal stromal cells influences their TLR profile as well as their functional properties. Cell Immunol. 2011;270(2):207–16.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ding D-C, Chang Y-H, Shyu W-C, Lin S-Z. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy. Cell Transplant. 2015;24(3):339–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun Q, Huang Z, Han F, Zhao M, Cao R, Zhao D, et al. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells as induction therapy are safe and feasible in renal allografts: pilot results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gou W, Hua W, Swaby L, Cui W, Green E, Morgan KA, et al. Stem cell therapy improves human islet graft survival in mice via regulation of macrophages. Diabetes. 2022;71(12):2642–55.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Podestà MA, Remuzzi G, Casiraghi F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for transplant tolerance. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1287.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Treacy O, Lynch K, Murphy N, Chen X, Donohoe E, Canning A, et al. Subconjunctival administration of low-dose murine allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells promotes corneal allograft survival in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):227.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lynch K, Treacy O, Chen X, Murphy N, Lohan P, Islam MN, et al. TGF-β1-Licensed murine MSCs show superior therapeutic efficacy in modulating corneal allograft immune rejection in vivo. Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther. 2020;28(9):2023–43.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hjortdal J. Adverse immune signatures and their prevention in corneal transplantation: a presentation and update on the VISICORT project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(12):1231–1231.

Google Scholar 

Niemeyer P, Vohrer J, Schmal H, Kasten P, Fellenberg J, Suedkamp NP, et al. Survival of human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue after xenogenic transplantation in immunocompetent mice. Cytotherapy. 2008;10(8):784–95.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ren Y, Dong X, Zhao H, Feng J, Chen B, Zhou Y, et al. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells improve corneal graft survival through suppressing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transplant Surg. 2021;21(2):552–66.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yardeni T, Eckhaus M, Morris HD, Huizing M, Hoogstraten-Miller S. Retro-orbital injections in mice. Lab Anim (NY). 2011;40(5):155–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Furlani D, Ugurlucan M, Ong L, Bieback K, Pittermann E, Westien I, et al. Is the intravascular administration of mesenchymal stem cells safe? Mesenchymal stem cells and intravital microscopy. Microvasc Res. 2009;77(3):370–6.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Murphy WJ, Nolta JA. Autoimmune T cells lured to a FASL web of death by MSCs. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;10(5):485–7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar