Yang R, Li Q, Zhou Z, Qian W, Zhang J, Wu Z, et al. Changes in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in China over the past decade. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;25:100494.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dapas M, Dunaif A. Deconstructing a syndrome: genomic insights into PCOS causal mechanisms and classification. Endocr Rev. 2022;43:927–65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zeng X, Xie Y-J, Liu Y-T, Long S-L, Mo Z-C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Correlation between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;502:214–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joham AE, Norman RJ, Stener-Victorin E, Legro RS, Franks S, Moran LJ, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:668–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao H, Lv Y, Li L, Chen Z-J. Genetic studies on polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:56–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Pan J, Xu J, Li J, et al. Mechanism underlying the retarded nuclear translocation of androgen receptor splice variants. Sci China Life Sci. 2019;62:257–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chamberlain NL, Driver ED, Miesfeld RL. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994;22:3181–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mhatre AN, Trifiro MA, Kaufman M, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Figlewicz D, Rouleau G, et al. Reduced transcriptional regulatory competence of the androgen receptor in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nat Genet. 1993;5:184–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hickey T, Chandy A, Norman RJ. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and X-chromosome inactivation in Australian Caucasian women with infertility related to polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:161–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim JJ, Choung SH, Choi YM, Yoon SH, Kim SH, Moon SY. Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2318–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah NA, Antoine HJ, Pall M, Taylor KD, Azziz R, Goodarzi MO. Association of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1939–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Walters KA. Role of androgens in normal and pathological ovarian function. Reproduction. 2015;149:R193–218.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Astapova O, Minor BMN, Hammes SR. Physiological and pathological androgen actions in the ovary. Endocrinology. 2019;160:1166–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liao B, Qi X, Yun C, Qiao J, Pang Y. Effects of androgen excess-related metabolic disturbances on granulosa cell function and follicular development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:815968.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018;33:1602–18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao X-Y, Liu Y, Lv Y, Huang T, Lu G, Liu H-B, et al. Role of androgen receptor for reconsidering the “True” Polycystic Ovarian Morphology in PCOS. Sci Rep. 2020;10:8993.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Revised,. consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2003;2004(81):19–25.

Google Scholar 

Pegoraro E, Whitaker J, Mowery-Rushton P, Surti U, Lanasa M, Hoffman EP. Familial skewed X inactivation: a molecular trait associated with high spontaneous-abortion rate maps to Xq28. Am J Hum Genet. 1997;61:160–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mifsud A, Ramirez S, Yong EL. Androgen receptor gene CAG trinucleotide repeats in anovulatory infertility and polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:3484–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jääskeläinen J, Korhonen S, Voutilainen R, Hippeläinen M, Heinonen S. Androgen receptor gene CAG length polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:1724–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferk P, Perme MP, Teran N, Gersak K. Androgen receptor gene (CAG)n polymorphism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:860–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rajender S, Carlus SJ, Bansal SK, Negi MPS, Sadasivam N, Sadasivam MN, et al. Androgen receptor CAG repeats length polymorphism and the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PLoS One. 2013;8:e75709.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ibáñez L, Ong KK, Mongan N, Jääskeläinen J, Marcos MV, Hughes IA, et al. Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in the development of ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3333–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sen A, Prizant H, Light A, Biswas A, Hayes E, Lee H-J, et al. Androgens regulate ovarian follicular development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and microRNA-125b expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:3008–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma Y, Andrisse S, Chen Y, Childress S, Xue P, Wang Z, et al. Androgen receptor in the ovary theca cells plays a critical role in androgen-induced reproductive dysfunction. Endocrinology. 2017;158:98–108.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choong CS, Kemppainen JA, Zhou ZX, Wilson EM. Reduced androgen receptor gene expression with first exon CAG repeat expansion. Mol Endocrinol. 1996;10:1527–35.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang H, Pawitan Y, Fang F, Czene K, Ye W. Biomarkers and disease trajectories influencing women’s health: results from the UK Biobank Cohort. Phenomics. 2022;2:184–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar