Chaichantipyuth C, Pummangura S, Naowsaran K, Thanyavuthi D, Anderson JE, McLaughlin JL (1988) Two new bioactive carbazole alkaloids from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. J Nat Prod 51:1285–1288. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50060a044

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chatchawanchonteera A, Keeratikulapas P, Mungmai N, Chitsanoor S, Boottasri A, Kaenchumpa P, Wangboonsakul J (2009) Antimicrobial activity of Clausena harmandiana extract against bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis externa. KKU Vet J 19:48–55

Google Scholar 

Daodee S, Wangboonskul J, Yenjai C, Boonyarat C, Monthakantirat O (2012) Determination of five carbazole alkaloids from the root of Clausena harmandiana by high performance liquid chromatography. Isan J Pharm Sci 8:94–100

Google Scholar 

Davies B, Morris T (1993) Physiological parameters in laboratory animals and humans. Pharm Res 10:1093–1095. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018943613122

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng C, Ruan JL, Cai YL (2010a) Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of four coumarins in rat plasma after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine “YIGONG” capsule by SPE-HPLC. J Braz Chem Soc 21:2272–2277. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532010001200014

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Feng L, Wang L, Jiang X (2010b) Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of coumarin components from Psoralea corylifolia L. in rats. Arch Pharm Res 33:225–230

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gasparetto JC, Peccinini RG, De Francisco TMG, Cerqueira LB, Campos FR, Pontarolo R (2015) A kinetic study of the main guaco metabolites using syrup formulation and the identification of an alternative route of coumarin metabolism in humans. PLoS ONE 10:e0118922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118922

Jantamat P, Weerapreeyakul N, Puthongking P (2019) Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction of coumarins and carbazole alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana. Molecules 24:3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183385

Ma J, Shi J, Le H, Cho R, Huang JC, Miao S, Wong BK (2008) A fully automated plasma protein precipitation sample preparation method for LC-MS/MS bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 862:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.12.012

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maneerat W, Phakhodee W, Ritthiwigrom T, Cheenpracha S, Promgool T, Yossathera K, Deachathai S, Laphookhieo S (2012) Antibacterial carbazole alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana twigs. Fitoterapia 83:1110–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.026

Matos DM, Viana MR, Alvim MC, Carvalho LS, Leite LH, Da Silva Filho AA, Nascimento JWL (2018) Pharmacokinetic profile and oral bioavailability of kaurenoic acid from Copaifera spp. in rats. Fitoterapia 128:142–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.013

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nillert N, Boonyarat C, Welbat JU, Bunreungthong K, Puthongking P, Pannangrong W (2022) Clausena harmandiana root extract attenuated cognitive impairments via reducing amyloid accumulation and neuroinflammation in Aβ(1-42)-induced rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 22:108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03591-4

Noipha K, Thongthoom T, Songsiang U, Boonyarat C, Yenjai C (2010) Carbazoles and coumarins from Clausena harmandiana stimulate glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 90:e67-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2010.09.005

Qiao X, Ye M, Xiang C, Wang Q, Liu CF, Miao WJ, Guo DA (2012) Analytical strategy to reveal the in vivo process of multi-component herbal medicine: a pharmacokinetic study of licorice using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1258:84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.041

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Satyavarapu EM, Sinha PK, Mandal C (2020) Preclinical development of mahanine-enriched fraction from Indian spice Murraya koenigii for the management of cancer: efficacy, temperature/pH stability, pharmacokinetics, acute and chronic toxicity (14–180 days) studies. Biomed Res Int 2020:4638132. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4638132

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Songsiang U, Thongthoom T, Boonyarat C, Yenjai C (2011) Claurailas A-D, cytotoxic carbazole alkaloids from the roots of Clausena harmandiana. J Nat Prod 74:208–212. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100654m

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Songsiang U, Thongthoom T, Zeekpudsa P, Kukongviriyapan V, Boonyarat C, Wangboonskul J, Yenjai C (2012) Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma of carbazoles and coumarins from Clausena harmandiana. Science Asia 38:75–81. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2012.38.075

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sriphana U, Thongsri Y, Prariyachatigul C, Pakawatchai C, Yenjai C (2013) Clauraila E from the roots of Clausena harmandiana and antifungal activity against Pythium insidiosum. Arch Pharm Res 36:1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0115-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sungthong B, Sithon K, Panyatip P, Tadtong S, Nunthaboot N, Puthongking P (2022) Quantitative analysis and in silico molecular docking screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and ADME prediction of coumarins and carbazole alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana. Rec Nat Prod 16:358–369. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.288.2106-2112

Thongthoom T, Promsuwan P, Yenjai C (2011) Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of the heptaphylline and 7-methoxyheptaphylline series. Eur J Med Chem 46:3755–3761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.041

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thongthoom T, Songsiang U, Phaosiri C, Yenjai C (2010) Biological activity of chemical constituents from Clausena harmandiana. Arch Pharm Res 33:675–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0505-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wangboonskul J, Prawan A, Takthaisong P, Sasithornwetchakun W, Boonyarat C, Yenjai C, Mahakunakorn P (2012) Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic activities and acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Clausena harmandiana Pierre in animals. J Asian Assoc Sch Pharm 1:159–169

Google Scholar 

Wangboonskul JD, Pummangura S, Chaichantipyuth C (1984) Five coumarins and a carbazole alkaloid from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. J Am Chem Soc 47:1058–1059. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00322a008

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yenjai C, Sripontan S, Sriprajun P, Kittakoop P, Jintasirikul A, Tanticharoen M, Thebtaranonth Y (2000) Coumarins and carbazoles with antiplasmodial activity from Clausena harmandiana. Planta Med 66:277–279. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8558

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yi T, Zhu L, Tang YN, Zhang JY, Liang ZT, Xu J, Zhao ZZ, Yu ZL, Bian ZX, Yang ZJ, Chen HB (2014) An integrated strategy based on UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS for metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of herbal medicines: Tibetan “Snow Lotus” herb (Saussurea laniceps), a case study. J Ethnopharmacol 153:701–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Huo M, Zhou J, Xie S (2010) PKSolver: an add-in program for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data analysis in Microsoft Excel. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 99:306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.01.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar