De Leeuw R, Klasser GD. Orofacial pain: guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management. Quintessence Publishing; 2013.

List T, Jensen RH. Temporomandibular disorders: Old ideas and new concepts. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(7):692–704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102416686302.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kapos FP, Exposto FG, Oyarzo JF, et al. Temporomandibular disorders: a review of current concepts in aetiology, diagnosis and management. Oral Surg. 2020;13(4):321–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/ors.12473.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slade GD, Fillingim RB, Sanders AE, et al. Summary of Findings From the OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study of Incidence of First-Onset Temporomandibular Disorder: Implications and Future Directions. J Pain. 2013;14(12):T116–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.09.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simoen L, Van den Berghe L, Jacquet W, et al. Depression and anxiety levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: comparison with the general population. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(11):3939–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03260-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Resende CMBM, Rocha LGDDS, Paiva RP, et al. Relationship between anxiety, quality of life, and sociodemographic characteristics and temporomandibular disorder. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020;129(2):125–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.10.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gil-Martínez A, Paris-Alemany A, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, et al. Management of pain in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD): challenges and solutions. J Pain Res. 2018;11:571–87. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S127950.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diraçoğlu D, Saral IB, Keklik B, et al. Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the treatment of temporomandibular disc displacement without reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(1):3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.01.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tvrdy P, Heinz P, Pink R. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(1):31–4. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2013.026.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Moraissi EA, Wolford LM, Ellis E 3rd, et al. The hierarchy of different treatments for arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020;48(1):9–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2019.10.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soni A. Arthrocentesis of Temporomandibular Joint- Bridging the Gap Between Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatment. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2019;9(1):158–67. https://doi.org/10.4103/ams.ams_160_17.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nitzan DW, Dolwick MF, Martinez GA. Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis: a simplified treatment for severe limited mouth opening. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49(11):1163–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90409-f.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albilia J, Herrera-Vizcaíno C, Weisleder H, et al. Liquid platelet-rich fibrin injections as a treatment adjunct for painful temporomandibular joints: preliminary results. Cranio. 2020;38(5):292–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2018.1516183.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Hamed FS, Hijazi A, Gao Q, et al. Platelet concentrate treatments for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2021;6(2):174–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084420927326.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manfredini D, Piccotti F, Guarda-Nardini L. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of TMJ disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Cranio. 2010;28(3):166–76. https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2010.023.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goiato MC, da Silva EV, de Medeiros RA, et al. Are intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid effective for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(12):1531–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2016.06.004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung PY, Lin MT, Chang HP. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injection in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019;127(2):106–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2018.09.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bousnaki M, Bakopoulou A, Koidis P. Platelet-rich plasma for the therapeutic management of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(2):188–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.09.014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Derwich M, Mitus-Kenig M, Pawlowska E. Mechanisms of action and efficacy of hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis-a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(14):7405. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147405.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goker F, Russillo A, Taschieri S, et al. Evaluation of Arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injections for management of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and case series. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021;35(2 Suppl. 1):21–35. https://doi.org/10.23812/21-2supp1-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haigler MC, Abdulrehman E, Siddappa S, et al. Use of platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich growth factor with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy to treat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: Systematic review with meta-analyses. J Am Dent Assoc. 2018;149(11):940-952.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.025.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iturriaga V, Bornhardt T, Manterola C, et al. Effect of hyaluronic acid on the regulation of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(5):590–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.01.014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li FL, Wu CB, Sun HJ, et al. Effect of platelet-rich plasma injections on pain reduction in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2020;34(2):149–56. https://doi.org/10.11607/ofph.2470.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liapaki A, Thamm JR, Ha S, et al. Is there a difference in treatment effect of different intra-articular drugs for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;50(9):1233–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.01.019.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Djulbegovic B, Guyatt GH. Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on. Lancet. 2017;390(10092):415–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31592-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salanti G, Kavvoura FK, Ioannidis JP. Exploring the geometry of treatment networks. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(7):544–53. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Higgins JP, Jackson D, Barrett JK, et al. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Res Synth Methods. 2012;3(2):98–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1044.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salanti G, Ades AE, Ioannidis JP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(2):163–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Puhan MA, Schünemann HJ, Murad MH, et al. A GRADE working group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;349:g5630. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5630.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alpaslan GH, Alpaslan C. Efficacy of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with and without injection of sodium hyaluronate in treatment of internal derangements. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59(6):613–8. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2001.23368.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bertolami CN, Gay T, Clark GT, et al. Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51(3):232–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80163-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bouloux GF, Chou J, Krishnan D, et al. Is Hyaluronic Acid or Corticosteroid Superior to Lactated Ringer Solution in the Short-Term Reduction of Temporomandibular Joint Pain After Arthrocentesis? Part 1. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75(1):52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bouloux GF, Chou J, Krishnan D, et al. Is hyaluronic acid or corticosteroid superior to lactated ringer solution in the short term for improving function and quality of life after arthrocentesis? Part 2. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;75(1):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chandra L, Goyal M, Srivastava D. Minimally invasive intraarticular platelet rich plasma injection for refractory temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome in comparison to arthrocentesis. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2021;10(1):254–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1633_20.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fernández Sanromán J, Fernández Ferro M, Costas López A, et al. Does injection of plasma rich in growth factors after temporomandibular joint arthroscopy improve outcomes in patients with Wilkes stage IV internal derangement? A randomized prospective clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(7):828–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2016.01.018.

Article