Lipsky JJ (1996) Mycophenolate mofetil. Lancet 348:1357–1359

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bentley R (2001) Bartolomeo Gosio, 1863–1944: an appreciation. Adv Appl Microbiol 48:229–250

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jones EL, Epinette WW, Hackney VC, Menendez L, Frost P (1975) Treatment of psoriasis with oral mycophenolic acid. J Invest Dermatol 65:537–542

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomez EC, Menendez L, Frost P (1979) Efficacy of mycophenolic acid for the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1:531–537

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sievers TM, Rossi SJ, Ghobrial RM, Arriola E, Nishimura P, Kawano M, Holt CD (1997) Mycophenolate mofetil. Pharmacotherapy 17:1178–1197

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

(1995) Placebo-controlled study of mycophenolate mofetil combined with cyclosporin and corticosteroids for prevention of acute rejection. European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group. Lancet 345:1321–1325

Sollinger HW (1995) Mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in primary cadaveric renal allograft recipients. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Transplantation 60:225–232

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

(1996) A blinded, randomized clinical trial of mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in cadaveric renal transplantation. The Tricontinental Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplantation Study Group. Transplantation 61:1029–1037

Platz KP, Sollinger HW, Hullett DA, Eckhoff DE, Eugui EM, Allison AC (1991) RS-61443–a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. Transplantation 51:27–31

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bullingham R, Monroe S, Nicholls A, Hale M (1996) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy subjects after single-dose oral and intravenous administration. J Clin Pharmacol 36:315–324

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bullingham RES, Nicholls AJ, Kamm BR (1998) Clinical pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil. Clin Pharmacokinet 34:429–455

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alexander S, Fleming DH, Mathew BS, Varughese S, Jeyaseelan V, Tamilarasi V, Jacob CK, John GT (2014) Pharmacokinetics of concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil in proliferative lupus nephritis: an observational cohort study. Ther Drug Monit 36:423–432

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Z, Lu Y, Song G, Wang Y, Chen J, Xiao C, Zhong L, Sun X, Peng Z, Wang X (2018) In vitro study on influences of UGT1A8 gene polymorphisms on mycophenolate mofetil metabolism. Exp Clin Transplant 16:466–472

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coskun Benlidayi I, Gokce Kutsal Y (2022) Antirheumatic drugs in older adults and polypharmacy issues. Z Gerontol Geriatr 55:507–512

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Viktil KK, Enstad M, Kutschera J, Smedstad LM, Schjøtt J (2001) Polypharmacy among patients admitted to hospital with rheumatic diseases. Pharm World Sci 23:153–158

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kees MG, Steinke T, Moritz S, Rupprecht K, Paulus EM, Kees F, Bucher M, Faerber L (2012) Omeprazole impairs the absorption of mycophenolate mofetil but not of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 52:1265–1272

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morii M, Ueno K, Ogawa A et al (2000) Impairment of mycophenolate mofetil absorption by iron ion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 68:613–616

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanford M, Keating GM (2008) Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium: a review of its use in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Drugs 68:2505–2533

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chakrabarti K, Frame D, Al Abbas M, McCune WJ (2021) The use of mycophenolate mofetil area under the curve. Curr Opin Rheumatol 33:221–232

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zabotti A, Baraldo M, Quartuccio L, Sacco S, De Marchi G, De Vita S (2015) Optimizing the dose of mycophenolate mofetil for the maintenance treatment of lupus nephritis by therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Rheumatol 34:171–174

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pareek V, Pedley AM, Benkovic SJ (2021) Human de novo purine biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 56:1–16

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allison AC, Eugui EM (2000) Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action. Immunopharmacology 47:85–118

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alamilla-Sanchez ME, Alcala-Salgado MA, Alonso-Bello CD, Fonseca-Gonzalez GT (2021) Mechanism of action and efficacy of immunosupressors in lupus nephritis. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 14:441–458

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Allison AC, Hovi T, Watts RW, Webster AD (1975) Immunological observations on patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and on the role of de-novo purine synthesis in lymphocyte transformation. Lancet 2:1179–1183

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Santis M, Motta F, Isailovic N et al (2022) Dose-dependent impairment of the immune response to the moderna-1273 mRNA vaccine by mycophenolate mofetil in patients with rheumatic and autoimmune liver diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 10:801

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Contreras G, Pardo V, Leclercq B, Lenz O, Tozman E, O’Nan P, Roth D (2004) Sequential therapies for proliferative lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 350:971–980

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allison A (2005) Mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil. Lupus 14:2–8

Article  Google Scholar 

Cicinnati VR, Hou J, Lindemann M, Horn PA, Sotiropoulos GC, Paul A, Gerken G, Beckebaum S (2009) Mycophenolic acid impedes the antigen presenting and lymph node homing capacities of human blood myeloid dendritic cells. Transplantation 88:504–513

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colic M, Stojic-Vukanic Z, Pavlovic B, Jandric D, Stefanoska I (2003) Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits differentiation, maturation and allostimulatory function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 134:63–69

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fontova P, Rama I, Llaudó I et al (2021) Mycophenolic acid interferes the transcriptional regulation and protein trafficking of maturation surface markers in dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 91:107025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shigesaka M, Ito T, Inaba M et al (2020) Mycophenolic acid, the active form of mycophenolate mofetil, interferes with IRF7 nuclear translocation and type I IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arthritis Res Ther 22:264

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tonutti A, Motta F, Ceribelli A, Isailovic N, Selmi C, De Santis M (2022) Anti-MDA5 antibody linking COVID-19, type i interferon, and autoimmunity: a case report and systematic literature review. Front Immunol 13:937667

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Tang Q, Zhao M et al (2015) The effect of mycophenolic acid on epigenetic modifications in lupus CD4+T cells. Clin Immunol 158:67–76

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jonsson CA, Carlsten H (2003) Mycophenolic acid inhibits inosine 5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase and suppresses immunoglobulin and cytokine production of B cells. Int Immunopharmacol 3:31–37

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Borstel A, Abdulahad WH, Dekkema G, Rutgers A, Stegeman CA, Veldman J, Heeringa P, Sanders JS (2020) Mycophenolic acid and 6-mercaptopurine both inhibit B-cell proliferation in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients, whereas only mycophenolic acid inhibits B-cell IL-6 production. PLoS ONE 15:e0235743

Article  Google Scholar 

Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Anka AU, Ali K, Maleknia S, Saffarioun M, Azizi G (2022) Interleukin-6 cytokine: an overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach. Int Immunopharmacol 111:109130

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Remuzzi G, Zoja C, Gagliardini E, Corna D, Abbate M, Benigni A (1999) Combining an antiproteinuric approach with mycophenolate mofetil fully suppresses progressive nephropathy of experimental animals. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1542–1549

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morath C, Zeier M (2003) Review of the antiproliferative properties of mycophenolate mofetil in non-immune cells. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 41:465–469

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morath C, Schwenger V, Beimler J, Mehrabi A, Schmidt J, Zeier M, Muranyi W (2006) Antifibrotic actions of mycophenolic acid. Clin Transplant 20(Suppl 17):25–29