Gabrielli AF & Garba Djirmay A, 2022. Schistosomiasis. In: Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity, Volume 2, 2022, Pages 666–677, Elsevier 2022. An overview of schistosomiasis.

World Health Organization (a). Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: progress report, 2021. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2022, 48, 97, 621–632. Latest information on epidemiology, distribution and progress made against schistosomiasis.

Bajracharya D, Pandit S, Bhandari D. First case report of Schistosoma japonicum in Nepal. Access Microbiol. 2020 27;2(6):acmi000117. https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000117.

Sah R, Utzinger J, Neumayr A. Urogenital schistosomiasis in fisherman, Nepal, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(7):1607–9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.191828.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Soe HZ, Oo CC, Myat TO, Maung NS. Detection of Schistosoma antibodies and exploration of associated factors among local residents around Inlay Lake, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0211-0 .Erratum.In:Infect Dis Poverty.2017 Jul 13;6(1):118. .

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lashaki EK, Teshnizi SH, Gholami S, Fakhar M, Brant SV, Dodangeh S. Global prevalence status of avian schistosomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;18(9):e00142.

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Jubury A, Bygum A, Tracz ES, Koch CN, Buchmann K. Cercarial dermatitis at public bathing sites (Region Zealand, Denmark): a case series and literature review. Case Rep Dermatol. 2021;13(2):360–5. An overview of cercarial dermatitis in Denmark.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McDonald ME. Annotated bibliography of helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae). Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Special Scientific Report – Wildlife No. 125. Washington, DC, June 1969.

Valdovinos C, Balboa C. Cercarial dermatitis and lake eutrophication in south-central Chile. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(3):391–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Omar HM, Omer OH, Al-Dhubaibi MS. Gigantobilharzia, possible cause of cercarial dermatitis: case report. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2016;10(1):147–50.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horák P, Kolářová L. Snails, waterfowl and cercarial dermatitis. Freshw Biol. 2011;56:779–90.

Article  Google Scholar 

Horák P, Mikeš L, Lichtenbergová L, Skála V, Soldánová M, Brant SV. Avian schistosomes and outbreaks of cercarial dermatitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(1):165–90.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Horák P, Dvorák J, Kolárová L, Trefil L. Trichobilharzia regenti, a pathogen of the avian and mammalian central nervous systems. Parasitology. 1999;119(Pt 6):577–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang CR, Chen J, Zhao JP, Chen AH, Zhai YQ, Li L, Zhu XQ. Orientobilharzia species: neglected parasitic zoonotic agents. Acta Trop. 2009;109(3):171–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Majoros G, Dán A, Erdélyi K. A natural focus of the blood fluke Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 2010;170(3–4):218–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kolářova L, Horák P, Skírnisson K, Marečková H, Doenhoff M. Cercarial dermatitis, a neglected allergic disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;45(1):63–74.

Mahmoud AAF, editor. Schistosomiasis. London: Imperial College Press; 2001.

Google Scholar 

Kincaid-Smith J, Tracey A, de Carvalho Augusto R, Bulla I, Holroyd N, Rognon A, Rey O, Chaparro C, Oleaga A, Mas-Coma S, Allienne JF, Grunau C, Berriman M, Boissier J, Toulza E. Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(12):e0010062. Recent details on schistosomes in southern Europe.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gordy MA, Cobb TP, Hanington PC. Swimmer’s itch in Canada: a look at the past and a survey of the present to plan for the future. Environ Health. 2018;17(1):73.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brumpt EJA. Cercaria ocellata, déterminant la dermatite des nageurs, provient d’une bilharzie des canards. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie, Paris. 1931;193(15):612–4. 

Google Scholar 

Sahba GH, Malek EA. Dermatitis caused by cercariae of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum in the Caspian Sea area of Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979;28(5):912–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Infestation, bites and stings. In: Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. A Textbook of Skin Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, Fifth Edition. Elsevier 2021. Some clinical facts on cercarial dermatitis.

World Health Organization (b). Schistosomiasis. WHO Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis (accessed 10 November 2022). Key facts about schistosomiasis.

Gönnert R, Andrews P. Praziquantel, a new broad-spectrum antischistosomal agent. Z F Parasitenkunde. 1977;52:129–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ansari, N, Davis, Andrew & World Health Organization. Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis (bilharziasis / edited by N. Ansar ; contributors, A. Davis ... [et al.]. Basel : Karger, 1973. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/38933.

Boissier J, Mone H, Mitta G, Bargues MD, Molyneux D, Mas-Coma S. Schistosomiasis reaches Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:757–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salas-Coronas J, Bargues MD, Lozano-Serrano AB, Artigas P, Martínez-Ortí A, Mas-Coma S, Merino-Salas S, Abad Vivas-Pérez JI. Evidence of autochthonous transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Almeria (southeast Spain): an outbreak analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2021;44:102165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102165. An overview of transmission of schistosomiasis in Spain.

Grácio MAA. A importância da malacologia em parasitologia médica com breve nota sobre os Gastropoda de água doce em Portugal [in Portuguese]. J Soc Cienc Med Lisb 1981, CXLV 2:119–140.

Berry A, Moné H, Iriart X, Mouahid G, Aboo O, Boissier J, Fillaux J, Cassaing S, Debuisson C, Valentin A, Mitta G, Théron A, Magnaval JF. Schistosomiasis haematobium, Corsica. France Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(9):1595–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2009.140928.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berry A, Fillaux J, Martin-Blondel G, Boissier J, Iriart X, Marchou B, Magnaval JF, Delobel P. Evidence for a permanent presence of schistosomiasis in Corsica, France, 2015. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(1). https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.1.30100.

Martínez-Ortí A, Vilavella D, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S. Risk map of transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis by Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Mollusca Gastropoda, Bulinidae) in Spain and Portugal. Anim Biodivers Conserv. 2019;42(2):257–66.

Noël H, Ruello M, Maccary A, Pelat C, Sommen C, Boissier J, Barré-Cardi H, Fillaux J, Termignon JL, Debruyne M, Chyderiotis G, Durand J, Ramalli L, Chiappini JD, Malfait P, Berry A. Large outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis acquired in Southern Corsica, France: monitoring early signs of endemicization? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(3):295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.026.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moné H, Holtfreter MC, Allienne JF, Mintsa-Nguéma R, Ibikounlé M, Boissier J, Berry A, Mitta G, Richter J, Mouahid G. Introgressive hybridizations of Schistosoma haematobium by Schistosoma bovis at the origin of the first case report of schistosomiasis in Corsica (France, Europe). Parasitol Res. 2015;114(11):4127–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4643-4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villasante Ferrer A, Iranzo Tatay A, Aznar Oroval E, Mollar Maseres J. Estudio de la situación actual de la infección por Schistosoma haematobium en la Unión Europea. Una aproximación al posible riesgo en España [Study of the current status of Schistosoma haematobium infection in the European Union. An approach to the possible risk in Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2018 92:e201804010. Spanish. PMID: 29637924.

Rothe C, Zimmer T, Schunk M, Wallrauch C, Helfrich K, Gültekin F, Bretzel G, Allienne JF, Boissier J. Developing endemicity of schistosomiasis, Corsica. France Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(1):319–21. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2701.204391.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wellinghausen N, Moné H, Mouahid G, Nebel A, Tappe D, Gabriel M. A family cluster of schistosomiasis acquired in Solenzara River Corsica France Solenzara River is clearly a transmission site for schistosomiasis in Corsica. Parasitol Res. 2022;121(8):2449–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07574-9. An overview of transmission of schistosomiasis in Corsica, France.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Azevedo JF. Biological relationships among the different geographical strains of the Schistosoma haematobium complex [in French]. Bulletin Soc Pathol Exotics. 1969;62:348–75.

Google Scholar 

Biocca E. Mollusc vectors of schistosomiasis in Sardinia and in the Mediterranean area: taxonomy and epidemiology. Parassitologia. 1980;22(3):247–55.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stensgaard AS, Vounatsou P, Sengupta ME, Utzinger J. Schistosomes, snails and climate change: current trends and future expectations. Acta Trop. 2019;190:257–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Leo GA, Stensgaard AS, Sokolow SH, N’Goran EK, Chamberlin AJ, Yang GJ, Utzinger U. Schistosomiasis and climate change. BMJ 2020;371:m4324 http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4324.

Majoros G, Fehér Z, Deli T, Földvári G. Establishment of Biomphalaria tenagophila snails in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(11):1812–4. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1411.080479

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pointier JP, David P, Jarne P. Biological invasions: the case of planorbid snails. J Helminthol. 2005;79(3):249–56. https://doi.org/10.1079/joh2005292.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alzaylaee H, Collins RA, Shechonge A, Ngatunga BP, Morgan ER, Genner MJ. Environmental DNA-based xenomonitoring for determining Schistosoma presence in tropical freshwaters. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3941-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Public health guidance on screening and vaccination for infectious diseases in newly arrived migrants within the EU/EEA. Scientific advice. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018.

European Commission. Statistics on migration to Europe. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-european-way-life/statistics-migration-europe_en (accessed November 2022).

World Health Organization (c). Global health observatory. Neglected tropical diseases. Schistosomiasis. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/schistosomiasis (accessed 10 November 2022). An interactive dashboard presenting epidemiological information on schistosomiasis.

Salas-Coronas J, Cabezas-Fernández MT, Lozano-Serrano AB, Soriano-Pérez MJ, Vázquez-Villegas J, Cuenca-Gómez JÁ. Newly arrived African migrants to Spain: epidemiology and burden of disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(1):319–25.

Beltrame A, Buonfrate D, Gobbi F, Angheben A, Marchese V, Monteiro GB, et al. The hidden epidemic of schistosomiasis in recent African immigrants and asylum seekers to Italy. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017.

Brindicci G, Santoro CR, De Laurentiis V, Capolongo C, Solarino ME, Papagni R, Ciracì E, Gatti P, Loconsole D, Monno R, Monno L, Miragliotta G, Angarano G. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in migrants in Apulia, a region of Southern Italy, in the years 2006–2016. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8257310.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tilli M, Botta A, Mantella A, Nuti B, Bartoloni A, Boccalini S, Zammarchi L. Community-based seroprevalence survey of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis by means of Dried Blood Spot testing on Sub-Saharan migrants resettled in Italy. New Microbiol. 2021;44(1):62–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buonfrate D, Gobbi F, Marchese V, Postiglione C, Badona Monteiro G, Giorli G, Napoletano G, Bisoffi Z. Extended screening for infectious diseases among newly-arrived asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, Verona province, Italy, April 2014 to June 2015. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(16):17–00527.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zammarchi L, Gobbi F, Angheben A, Spinicci M, Buonfrate D, Calleri G, De Paola M, Bevilacqua N, Carrara S, Attard L, Vanino E, Gulletta M, Festa E, Iacovazzi T, Grimaldi A, Sepe A, Salomone Megna A, Gaiera G, Castagna A, Parodi P, Albonico M, Bisoffi Z, Castelli F, Olliaro P, Bartoloni A. Schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease: the leading imported neglected tropical diseases in Italy. J Travel Med. 2020;27(1):taz100. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taz100.

Article  PubMed