Grant support:

This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GE 592-9/1) and a contract from the PREVENT Preclinical Development Program, Division Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (HHSN2612015000391), U01CA233056 and U24CA232979. This work was supported by grant R01 CA219463, a gift from the Feinberg Family Foundation, the MD Anderson Colorectal Cancer Moonshot to E.V; and P30 CA016672 (US National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute) to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Core Support Grant.

Correspondence: Johannes Gebert Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology Heidelberg University Hospital [email protected]

Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, [email protected]

Steven M. Lipkin, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA [email protected]

Matthias Kloor, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, [email protected]

Disclosures:

Dr. Vilar has a consulting or advisory role with Janssen Research and Development and Recursion Pharma. He has received research support from Janssen Research and Development. The rest of the authors do not report a conflict of interest.

Transcript profiling:

GEO accession GSE175744

Author contributions:

JG: Conceptualization: Equal, Data curation: Supporting, Formal analysis: Equal, Funding acquisition: Equal, Project administration: Equal, Writing – original draft: Lead, Writing – review & editing: Equal

OG: Data curation: Supporting, Investigation: Equal, Methodology: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

MOW: Data curation: Supporting, Investigation: Equal, Methodology: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

JDM: Data curation: Supporting, Investigation: Supporting, Methodology: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

AHS: Investigation: Supporting, Visualization: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

KU: Investigation: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

ML: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

EC: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

ET: Methodology: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

EMK: Methodology: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

YS: Investigation: Supporting, Methodology: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

AE: Investigation: Supporting, Methodology: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

ND: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

EV: Data curation: Supporting, Formal analysis: Equal, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

VF: Investigation: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

NN: Investigation: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

YY: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Lead, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

AA: Investigation: Supporting, Visualization: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

SS: Conceptualization: Supporting, Data curation: Supporting, Project administration: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

RS: Conceptualization: Supporting, Data curation: Supporting, Project administration: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

AU: Conceptualization: Supporting, Data curation: Supporting, Project administration: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

LW: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

SL: Formal analysis: Supporting, Resources: Supporting, Software: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

PB: Resources: Supporting, Software: Lead, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

WE: Methodology: Supporting, Resources: Equal, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

MKD: Conceptualization: Equal, Funding acquisition: Supporting, Project administration: Equal, Supervision: Equal, Writing – original draft: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Supporting

SML: Conceptualization: Supporting, Data curation: Supporting, Formal analysis: Equal, Funding acquisition: Equal, Project administration: Equal, Supervision: Equal, Writing – original draft: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Equal

MK: Conceptualization: Equal, Data curation: Supporting, Formal analysis: Equal, Funding acquisition: Equal, Project administration: Equal, Writing – original draft: Supporting, Writing – review & editing: Equal

Data transparency statement: All relevant data are contained in the manuscript or the supplemental material. Transcript profiling data are available under the following link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE175744.