1. Tesarova, P. Breast cancer in the elderly – should it be treated differently? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2012;18:26-33.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Rostas, JW, Dyess, DL. Current operative management of breast cancer: an age of smaller resections and bigger cures. Int J Breast Cancer. 2012;2012:516417.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Gherghe, M, Bordea, C, Blidaru, A. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) vs. axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the current surgical treatment of early stage breast cancer. J Med Life. 2015;8:176-180.
Google Scholar | Medline4. Vazquez, B, Rousseau, D, Hurd, TC. Surgical management of breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2007;34:234-240.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Sparano, JA, Gray, RJ, Makower, DF, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy guided by a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:111-121.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Krag, DN, Anderson, SJ, Julian, TB, et al. Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:881-888.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Giuliano, AE, Ballman, KV, McCall, L, et al. Effect of axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection on 10-year overall survival among women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: the ACOSOG Z0011 (alliance) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:918-926.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Giuliano, AE, Hunt, KK, Ballman, KV, et al. Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2011;305:569-575.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI9. Albain, KS, Barlow, WE, Shak, S, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal women with node-positive, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer on chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:55-65.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI10. Carlson, JJ, Roth, JA. The impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer assay in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;141:13-22.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Fisher, B, Jeong, JH, Bryant, J, et al. Treatment of lymph-node-negative, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: long-term findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2004;364:858-868.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI12. Paik, S, Shak, S, Tang, G, et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2817-2826.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI13. Kemeny, MM, Peterson, BL, Kornblith, AB, et al. Barriers to clinical trial participation by older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2268-2275.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI14. Lewis, JH, Kilgore, ML, Goldman, DP, et al. Participation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:1383-1389.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) . Long-term outcomes for neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: meta-analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:27-39.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Born, KB, Levinson, W. Choosing Wisely campaigns globally: a shared approach to tackling the problem of overuse in healthcare. J Gen Fam Med. 2018;20:9-12.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Calderon, E, Webb, C, Kosiorek, HE, et al. Are we choosing wisely in elderly females with breast cancer? Am J Surg. 2019;218:1229-1233.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Cardoso, F, Kyriakides, S, Ohno, S, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1194-1220.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Krop, I, Ismaila, N, Andre, F, et al. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:2838-2847.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. World Health Organization . Proposed working definition of an older person in Africa for the MDS Project. https://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/. Published 2010. Accessed August 18, 2020.
Google Scholar21. Amin, MB, Edge, S, Greene, F, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2017.
Google Scholar | Crossref22. Allred, DC. Issues and updates: evaluating estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, and HER2 in breast cancer. Mod Pathol. 2010;23:S52-S59.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Hammond, MEH, Hayes, DF, Dowsett, M, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:907-922.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI24. Allred, DC, Harvey, JM, Berardo, M, Clark, GM. Prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer by immunohistochemical analysis. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:155-168.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI25. Wolff, AC, Hammond, ME, Schwartz, JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:118-145.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Press, MF, Sauter, G, Buyse, M, et al. HER2 gene amplification testing by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): comparison of the ASCO-College of American Pathologists guidelines with FISH scores used for enrollment in Breast Cancer International Research Group Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:3518-3528.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Bloom, HJ, Richardson, WW. Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer. 1957;11:359-377.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Elston, CW, Ellis, IO. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology. 1991;19:403-410.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI29. Chen, Z, Xu, S, Xu, W, et al. Expression of cluster of differentiation 34 and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer, and their prognostic significance. Oncol Lett. 2015;10:723-729.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Fohn, LE, Rodriguez, A, Kelley, MC, et al. D2-40 lymphatic marker for detecting lymphatic invasion in thin to intermediate thickness melanomas: association with sentinel lymph node status and prognostic value-a retrospective case study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:336-345.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Brown, IS. Pathology of perineural spread. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2016;77:124-130.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. Dowsett, M, Nielsen, TO, A’Hern, R, et al. Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1656-1664.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. McVeigh, TP, Kerin, MJ. Clinical use of the Oncotype DX genomic test to guide treatment decisions for patients with invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2017;9:393-400.
Google Scholar | Medline34. McVeigh, TP, Hughes, LM, Miller, N, et al. The impact of Oncotype DX testing on breast cancer management and chemotherapy prescribing patterns in a tertiary referral centre. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50:2763-2770.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Xue, X, Agalliu, I, Kim, MY, et al. New methods for estimating follow-up rates in cohort studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17:155.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Pierga, JY, Girre, V, Laurence, V, et al. Characteristics and outcome of 1755 operable breast cancers in women over 70 years of age. Breast. 2004;13:369-375.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI37. Davey, MG, Brennan, M, Ryan, ÉJ, et al. Defining clinicopathological and radiological features of breast cancer in women under the age of 35: an epidemiological study. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189:1195-1202.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Bear, HD, Wan, W, Robidoux, A, et al. Using the 21-gene assay from core needle biopsies to choose neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer: a multicenter trial. J Surg Oncol. 2017;115:917-923.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Christian, N, Heelan Gladden, A, Friedman, C, et al. Increasing omission of radiation therapy and sentinel node biopsy in elderly patients with early stage, hormone-positive breast cancer. Breast J. 2020;26:133-138.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Wu, S-G, Zhang, WW, Sun, JY, Li, FY, Chen, YX, He, ZY. Omission of postoperative radiotherapy in women aged 65 years or older with tubular carcinoma of the breast after breast-conserving surgery. Front Oncol. 2018;8:190-190.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Kizy, S, Altman, AM, Marmor, S, et al. 21-gene recurrence score testing in the older population with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2019;10:322-329.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. Smith, FO, Lee, MC, Acs, G, et al. Recurrence score across the age spectrum: is there an age discrimination? J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:27.
Google Scholar43. Given, B, Given, CW. Older adults and cancer treatment. Cancer. 2008;113:3505-3511.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI44. Liang, S, Hallet, J, Simpson, JS, Tricco, AC, Scheer, AS. Omission of axillary staging in elderly patients with early stage breast cancer impacts regional control but not survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Geriatr Oncol. 2017;8:140-147.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Jones, EL, Leak, A, Muss, HB. Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer in women 70 years of age and older: tough decisions, high stakes. Oncology (Williston Park). 2012;26:793-801.
Google Scholar | Medline46. Nurgali, K, Jagoe, RT, Abalo, R. Editorial: adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy: anything new to improve tolerance and reduce sequelae? Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:245.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Esposito, E, Sollazzo, V, Di Micco, R, et al. Can axillary node dissection be safely omitted in the elderly? A retrospective study on axillary management of early breast cancer in older women. Int J Surg. 2016;33:S114-S118.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline48. Martelli, G, Miceli, R, Daidone, MG, et al. Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in elderly patients with breast cancer and no palpable axillary nodes: results after 15 years of follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:125-133.