Home, Resources, diabetes L with, Acknowledgement, FAQs, Contact, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021 | IDF Diabetes Atlas [Internet]. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/. Accessed  7 Oct 2022.

Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (PERKENI). Guidelines for the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: PB PERKENI; 2021. Available from: https://pbperkeni.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/22-10-21-Website-Pedoman-Pengelolaan-dan-Pencegahan-DMT2-Ebook.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2023.

Raschi E, Parisotto M, Forcesi E, La Placa M, Marchesini G, De Ponti F, et al. Adverse events with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: a global analysis of international spontaneous reporting systems. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;27(12):1098–107.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P, Azoulay L, Yu OHY, Filion KB. SGLT-2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2018;55(5):503–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yabe D, Yasui A, Ji L, Lee M, Ma RCW, Chang T, et al. Safety and tolerability of empagliflozin in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of phase i-iii clinical trials. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(2):418–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin DSH, Lee JK, Chen WJ. Clinical adverse events associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: a meta-analysis involving 10 randomized clinical trials and 71 553 individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(7):2133–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu D, Chen H, Song F, Ahmed MA, Wu H. Adverse drug events observed with the novel sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4356–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaku K, Yamamoto K, Fukushima Y, Lliev H, Yasui A. Safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: final results of a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2022;21(10):1315–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim LL, Lau ESH, Cheung JTK, Chan SP, Ji L, Lim S, et al. Real-world usage of sulphonylureas in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes using the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) register. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(1):208–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2753–86.

Volke V, Katus U, Johannson A, Toompere K, Heinla K, Rünkorg K, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22:251.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hollander P, Liu J, Hill J, Johnson J, Jiang ZW, Golm G, et al. Ertugliflozin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: the VERTIS SU randomized study. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(1):193–207.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ridderstråle M, Andersen KR, Zeller C, Kim G, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(9):691–700.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Li G. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors compared with sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Drug Investig. 2019;39(6):521–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suwankesawong W, Dhippayom T, Tan-Koi WC, Kongkaew C. Pharmacovigilance activities in ASEAN countries. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016;25(9):1061–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

AstraZeneca Canada, Inc. Product monograph including patient medication information: Forxiga® [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.astrazeneca.ca/content/dam/az-ca/downloads/productinformation/forxiga-product-monograph-en.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2023.

Cokro F, Sauriasari R, Tahapary DL, Setiawan H. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with sulfonylurea on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction in Asia: meta-analysis. Pharm Sci Asia. 2024;51(4):326–35.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kinoshita T, Shimoda M, Nakashima K, Fushimi Y, Hirata Y, Tanabe A, et al. Comparison of the effects of three kinds of glucose-lowering drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, open-label, three-arm, active control study. J Diabetes Investig. 2020;11(6):1612–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitazawa T, Seino H, Ohashi H, Inazawa T, Inoue M, Ai M, et al. Comparison of tofogliflozin versus glimepiride as the third oral agent added to metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 24-week, open-label, controlled trial (STOP-OB). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(9):1659–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park HK, Kim KA, Min KW, Sohn TS, Jeong IK, Ahn CW, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin compared with glimepiride on body composition in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: the BEYOND study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(9):2743–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tanaka A, Hisauchi I, Taguchi I, Sezai A, Toyoda S, Tomiyama H, et al. Effects of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: a randomized trial (CANDLE). ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(4):1585–94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khunti K, Bingham-Gardiner P, Hassan SW, Zeller C, Naderali E, Salsali A, et al. Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin compared with glimepiride in South Asian patients with type 2 diabetes in a head-to-head study. In: Diabet Med [Internet]. Wiley-blackwell 111 River St, Hoboken 07030–5774, NJ USA; 2015. p. 96–96. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=12655276314050703555andhl=enandoi=scholarr. Accessed 22 Jan 2024.

Takeshita Y, Honda M, Harada K, Kita Y, Takata N, Tsujiguchi H, et al. Comparison of tofogliflozin and glimepiride effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 48-week, open-label, active-controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(9):2064–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nuffield department of population health renal studies group, SGLT2 inhibitor meta-analysis cardio-renal trialists' consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2022;400(10365):1788–801.

Yang L, Zhang L, He H, Zhang M, An Z. Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in East Asians with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(5):1921–34.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sriphrapradang C, Thewjitcharoen Y, Buranapin S, Sawanyawisuth K, Yenseung N, Ubonchareon W, et al. Effectiveness and safety of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in Thai adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a real-world study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020;36(10):1601–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gebrie D, Getnet D, Manyazewal T. Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of metformin-SGLT2i versus metformin-sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2021;11:137.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tang HL, Li DD, Zhang JJ, Hsu YH, Wang TS, Zhai SD, et al. Lack of evidence for a harmful effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on fracture risk among type 2 diabetes patients: a network and cumulative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18(12):1199–206.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverii GA, Dicembrini I, Monami M, Mannucci E. Fournier’s gangrene and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(2):272–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghosh A, Gupta R, Singh P, Dutta A, Misra A. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes in North India: a 12-month prospective study in real-world setting. Int J Clin Pract. 2018;72(9): e13237.

Article  Google Scholar 

Davidson JA, Sukor N, Hew FL, Mohamed M, Hussein Z. Safety of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Asian type 2 diabetes populations. J Diabetes Investig. 2023;14(2):167–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moayeri A, Mohamadpour M, Mousavi SF, Shirzadpour E, Mohamadpour S, Amraei M. Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and possible risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2017;13:455–68.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adler AI, Erqou S, Lima TaS, Robinson AHN. Association between glycated haemoglobin and the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus-review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2010;53(5):840–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed