Zollinger TW, Saywell RM Jr, Smith CP, Highland D, Pfeiffer B, Kelton GM., Delays in patient transfer: Postanesthesia care nursing. Nursing Econ. 1999;17:283-290.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Cowie B, Corcoran P. Postanesthesia care unit discharge delay for nonclinical reasons. J Perianesth Nurs. 2012;27:393-398.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein RH, Dexter F, Diez C. The distributions of weekday discharge times at acute care hospitals in the state of Florida were static from 2010 to 2018. J Med Syst. 2020;44:47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Glasgow JM, Davies ML, Kaboli PJ. Findings from a national improvement collaborative: are improvements sustained? BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21:663-669.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agency for Health Care Administration. AHCA Patient Data Submission Guide. https://ahca.myflorida.com/content/download/6087/file/DataGuideUpdate071119.pdf. Accessed 19 December 2024.

Starnes JR, Wanderer JP, Ehrenfeld JM. Metadata from data: Identifying holidays from anesthesia data. J Med Syst. 2015;39:44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Dutton RP, Kordylewski H, Epstein RH. Anesthesia workload nationally during regular workdays and weekends. Anesth Analg. 2015;121:1600-1603.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Rodriguez LI. Throughout the United States, pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery enter the operating room and are discharged earlier in the day than are adults Perioper Care Oper Room Manag. 2019;16:100076.

Article  Google Scholar 

Steiner CA, Karaca Z, Moore BJ, Imshaug MC, Pickens G. Surgeries in hospital-based ambulatory surgery and hospital inpatient settings, 2014. HCUP Statistical brief #223, updated 20 July 2020. https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb223-Ambulatory-Inpatient-Surgeries-2014.jsp Accessed 19 December 2024.

Epstein RH, Dexter F, Smaka TJ, Candiotti KA. Policy implications for the COVID-19 pandemic in light of most patients (≥72%) spending at most one night at the hospital after elective, major therapeutic procedures. Cureus. 2020;12:e9746.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Epstein RH, Dexter F, Fahy BG. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 90% of elective anesthetics have been ambulatory: A retrospective analysis of statewide data in Florida from 2010 through 2022. J Clin Anesth. 2024;98:111596.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiss ME, Yakusheva O, Bobay KL. Quality and cost analysis of nurse staffing, discharge preparation, and postdischarge utilization. Health Serv Res. 46:1473-1494, 2011.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Griffiths P, Dall'Ora C, Simon M, Ball J, Lindqvist R, Rafferty AM, Schoonhoven L, Tishelman C, Aiken LH; RN4CAST Consortium. Nurses' shift length and overtime working in 12 European countries: the association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Med Care. 52:975–981, 2014.

Xue Y, Chappel AR, Freund DA, Aiken LH, Noyes K. Cost outcomes of supplemental nurse staffing in a large medical center. J Nurs Care Qual. 30:130-137, 2015.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Watanabe M, Yamauchi K. The effect of quality of overtime work on nurses' mental health and work engagement. J Nurs Manag. 26:679-688, 2018.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dall'Ora C, Ball J, Redfern OC, Griffiths P. Night work for hospital nurses and sickness absence: a retrospective study using electronic rostering systems. Chronobiol Int. 37:1357-1364, 2020.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Wachtel RE, Epstein RH. Impact of average patient acuity on staffing of the phase I PACU. J Perianesth Nurs. 21:303-310, 2006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Idoffsson Å, Olsson C, Holmén A, Granberg-Axell A, Chew MS. Development and validation of an instrument to measure nursing workload in the postanaesthesia care unit: An observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020;37:864-873.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marcon E, Kharraja S, Smolski N, Luquet B, Viale JP. Determining the number of beds in the postanesthesia care unit: a computer simulation flow approach. Anesth Analg. 2003;96:1415-1423.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schoenmeyr T, Dunn PF, Gamarnik D, Levi R, Berger DL, Daily BJ, Levine WC, Sandberg WS. A model for understanding the impacts of demand and capacity on waiting time to enter a congested recovery room. Anesthesiology. 2009;110:1293-304.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Traub RD, Penning DH. Statistical analysis by Monte-Carlo simulation of the impact of administrative and medical delays in discharge from the postanesthesia care unit on total patient care hours. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:1222-1225.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Epstein RH. Implications of the log-normal distribution for updating estimates of the time remaining until ready for phase I post-anesthesia care unit discharge. Periop Care Oper Room Manag. 2021;23:100165.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Penning DH. Statistical analysis of postanesthesia care unit staffing at a surgical suite with frequent delays in admission from the operating room – A case study. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:947-949.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein RH, Dexter F, Traub RD. Statistical power analysis to estimate how many months of data are required to identify PACU staffing to minimize delays in admission from ORs. J Perianesth Nurs.. 2002;17:84-88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Marcon E, de Matta R. Strategies to reduce delays in admission into a postanesthesia care unit from operating rooms. J Perianesth Nurs. 2005;20:92-102.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ehrenfeld JM, Dexter F, Rothman BS, Minton BS, Johnson D, Sandberg WS, Epstein RH. Lack of utility of a decision support system to mitigate delays in admission from the operating room to the postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg. 2013;117:1444-1452.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nelson SE, Sandberg WS, Clifton JC, Cui Y, Shotwell MS, Wanderer JP. Holding some postoperative patients overnight in the post-anesthesia care unit as a tactic to deal with hospital congestion is associated with increased resource length of stay. Periop Care Oper Room Manag. 2020;21:100111.

Article  Google Scholar 

Koning NJ, Lokin JLC, Roovers L, Kallewaard JW, van Harten WH, Kalkman CJ, Preckel B. Introduction of a post-anaesthesia care unit in a teaching hospital is associated with a reduced length of hospital stay in noncardiac surgery: a single-centre interrupted time series analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;13:534.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nelson DF, Palomino C, Torjman MC, Ooi G, Green MS. Length of stay and cost of care differences between postoperative patients who board in PACU and those that proceed directly to inpatient bed. Periop Care Oper Room Manag. 2024;37:100434.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dexter F, Wachtel RE, Yue JC. Use of discharge abstract databases to differentiate among pediatric hospitals based on operative procedures: Surgery in infants and young children in the State of Iowa. Anesthesiology. 2003;99:480-487.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Leary JD, Dexter F, Faraoni D, Crawford MW. Incidence of non-physiologically complex surgical procedures performed in children: an Ontario population-based study of health administrative data. Can J Anesth. 2018;65:23-33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar