Cen J, Wang Q, Cheng L, Gao Q, Wang H, Sun F (2024) Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from the global burden of Disease Study 2021. J Headache Pain 25(1):96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01798-z

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hovaguimian A, Roth J (2022) Management of chronic migraine. BMJ 379:e067670. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067670

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collaborators GBDNSD (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 23(4):344–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00038-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Goadsby PJ, Holland PR, Martins-Oliveira M, Hoffmann J, Schankin C, Akerman S (2017) Pathophysiology of migraine: a disorder of sensory Processing. Physiol Rev 97(2):553–622. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00034.2015

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schwedt TJ (2014) Chronic migraine. BMJ 348:g1416. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1416

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

May A, Schulte LH (2016) Chronic migraine: risk factors, mechanisms and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 12(8):455–464. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.93

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buse DC, Fanning KM, Reed ML, Murray S, Dumas PK, Adams AM et al (2019) Life with Migraine: effects on relationships, Career, and Finances from the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache 59(8):1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13613

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andreou AP, Edvinsson L (2019) Mechanisms of migraine as a chronic evolutive condition. J Headache Pain 20(1):117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-019-1066-0

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrari MD, Goadsby PJ, Burstein R, Kurth T, Ayata C, Charles A et al (2022) Migraine Nat Rev Dis Primers 8(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00328-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaag Rasmussen M, Mollgard K, Bork PAR, Weikop P, Esmail T, Drici L et al (2024) Trigeminal ganglion neurons are directly activated by influx of CSF solutes in a migraine model. Science 385(6704):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl0544

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sutherland HG, Jenkins B, Griffiths LR (2024) Genetics of migraine: complexity, implications, and potential clinical applications. Lancet Neurol 23(4):429–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00026-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sureda-Gibert P, Romero-Reyes M, Akerman S (2022) Nitroglycerin as a model of migraine: clinical and preclinical review. Neurobiol Pain 12:100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100105

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pradhan AA, Bertels Z, Akerman S (2018) Targeted nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for Migraine. Neurotherapeutics 15(2):391–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-018-0614-7

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karsan N, Bose PR, Thompson C, Newman J, Goadsby PJ (2020) Headache and non-headache symptoms provoked by nitroglycerin in migraineurs: a human pharmacological triggering study. Cephalalgia 40(8):828–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102420910114

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moseley AE, Williams MT, Schaefer TL, Bohanan CS, Neumann JC, Behbehani MM et al (2007) Deficiency in Na,K-ATPase alpha isoform genes alters spatial learning, motor activity, and anxiety in mice. J Neurosci 27(3):616–626. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4464-06.2007

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gritz SM, Radcliffe RA (2013) Genetic effects of ATP1A2 in familial hemiplegic migraine type II and animal models. Hum Genomics 7(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-7-8

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antonaci F, Ravaglia S, Grieco GS, Gagliardi S, Cereda C, Costa A (2021) Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 due to a novel missense mutation in ATP1A2. J Headache Pain 22(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01221-x

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Romanos J, Benke D, Pietrobon D, Zeilhofer HU, Santello M (2020) Astrocyte dysfunction increases cortical dendritic excitability and promotes cranial pain in familial migraine. Sci Adv 6(23):eaaz1584. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1584

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu S, Ren X, Zhu C, Wang W, Zhang K, Li Z et al (2022) A c-Fos activation map in nitroglycerin/levcromakalim-induced models of migraine. J Headache Pain 23(1):128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01496-8

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng H, Zhou Q, Du Y, Li C, Xu P, Lin L et al (2018) The hypothalamus as the primary brain region of metabolic abnormalities in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864(1):263–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.028

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Zhang X, Bai X, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Tang H et al (2022) Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the dentate nucleus and periaqueductal gray with episodic and chronic migraine: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Headache Pain 23(1):83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01452-6

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abad N, Rosenberg JT, Roussel T, Grice DC, Harrington MG, Grant SC (2018) Metabolic assessment of a migraine model using relaxation-enhanced (1) H spectroscopy at ultrahigh field. Magn Reson Med 79(3):1266–1275. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26811

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma Z, Wang SJ, Li CF, Ma XX, Gu T (2008) Increased metabolite concentration in migraine rat model by proton MR spectroscopy in vivo and ex vivo. Neurol Sci 29(5):337–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-008-0991-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao Z, Yu W, Zhang L, Yang J, Lou J, Xu M et al (2023) A study on the correlation of the asymmetric regulation between the periaqueductal gray and the bilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis in migraine male rats. J Headache Pain 24(1):27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01559-4

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charles A (2018) The pathophysiology of migraine: implications for clinical management. Lancet Neurol 17(2):174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30435-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fyfe I (2021) Hypothalamus loses control in migraine. Nat Rev Neurol 17(10):595. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00563-z

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Liu X, Zhu C, Wu S, Li Z, Jing L et al (2024) Environmental enrichment alleviates hyperalgesia by modulating central sensitization in a nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine model of mice. J Headache Pain 25(1):74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01779-2

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed