Yu Z, Pestell TG, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. Cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44(12):2144–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.022.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rich JN. Cancer stem cells: understanding tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity. Medicine. 2016;95(1 Suppl 1):S2–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004764.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stefanius K, Servage K, Orth K. Exosomes in cancer development. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2021;66:83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.018.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee NK, Kothandan VK, Kothandan S, Byun Y, Hwang SR. Exosomes and cancer stem cells in cancer immunity: current reports and future directions. Vaccines. 2021;9(5):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050441.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Tang WH. Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential. Cell Biosci. 2019;9:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-019-0282-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coleman BM, Hill AF. Extracellular vesicles–their role in the packaging and spread of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2015;40:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.007.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Xu H, Wu W, Huang H, Zhang C, Tang W, Tang Q, Bi F. Ferroptosis signaling promotes the release of misfolded proteins via exosomes to rescue ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023;202:110–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.027.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome expression and activity in cancer and cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol. 2017;39(3):1010428317692248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317692248.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yan P, Ren J, Zhang W, Qu J, Liu GH. Protein quality control of cell stemness. Cell Regen. 2020;9(1):22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-020-00064-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kabakov A, Yakimova A, Matchuk O. Molecular chaperones in cancer stem cells: determinants of stemness and potential targets for antitumor therapy. Cells. 2020;9(4):892. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040892.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Signer RA, Morrison SJ. Mechanisms that regulate stem cell aging and life span. Cell Stem Cell. 2013;12(2):152–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.001.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nagaraj NS, Singh OV, Merchant NB. Proteomics: a strategy to understand the novel targets in protein misfolding and cancer therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2010;7(4):613–23. https://doi.org/10.1586/epr.10.70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Scott MD, Frydman J. Aberrant protein folding as the molecular basis of cancer. Methods Mol Biol. 2003;232:67–76. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-394-1:67.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumari M, Anji A. Small but mighty-exosomes, novel intercellular messengers in neurodegeneration. Biology. 2022;11(3):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11030413.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ayob AZ, Ramasamy TS. Cancer stem cells as key drivers of tumour progression. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-018-0426-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100(7):3983–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0530291100.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Choi SA, Lee JY, Phi JH, Wang KC, Park CK, Park SH, Kim SK. Identification of brain tumour initiating cells using the stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(1):137–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.004.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vermeulen L, Todaro M, de Sousa MF, Sprick MR, Kemper K, Perez Alea M, Richel DJ, Stassi G, Medema JP. Single-cell cloning of colon cancer stem cells reveals a multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(36):13427–32. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805706105.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hermann PC, Huber SL, Herrler T, Aicher A, Ellwart JW, Guba M, Bruns CJ, Heeschen C. Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell. 2007;1(3):313–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2007.06.002.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen K, Huang YH, Chen JL. Understanding and targeting cancer stem cells: therapeutic implications and challenges. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013;34(6):732–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2013.27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tang DG. Understanding cancer stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Cell Res. 2012;22(3):457–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2012.13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liao WT, Ye YP, Deng YJ, Bian XW, Ding YQ. Metastatic cancer stem cells: from the concept to therapeutics. Am J Stem Cells. 2014;3(2):46–62.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Phi LTH, Sari IN, Yang YG, Lee SH, Jun N, Kim KS, Lee YK, Kwon HY. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in drug resistance and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Stem Cells Int. 2018;2018:5416923. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5416923.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marzagalli M, Fontana F, Raimondi M, Limonta P. Cancer stem cells-key players in tumor relapse. Cancers. 2021;13(3):376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030376.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumar V, Vashishta M, Kong L, Wu X, Lu JJ, Guha C, Dwarakanath BS. The role of notch, hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways in the resistance of tumors to anticancer therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9: 650772. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.650772.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central