National Statistics ROC (Taiwan), editor. 2023. https://www.stat.gov.tw/cl.aspx?n=3442. Accessed 18 May 2023.

Jones RB, Pearson J, Cawsey AJ, Bental D, Barrett A, White J, et al. Effect of different forms of information produced for cancer patients on their use of the information, social support, and anxiety: randomised trial. BMJ. 2006;332(7547):942–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frick E, Tyroller M, Panzer M. Anxiety, depression and quality of life of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: a cross-sectional study in a community hospital outpatient centre. European journal of cancer care. Eur J Cancer Care. 2007;16(2):130–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Clover K, Oultram S, Adams C, Cross L, Findlay N, Ponman L. Disruption to radiation therapy sessions due to anxiety among patients receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck area can be predicted using patient self-report measures. Psychooncology. 2011;20(12):1334–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gimson E, Dottori MG, Clunie G, Zheng CY, Wiseman T, Joyce E, et al. Not as simple as fear of the unknown: a qualitative study exploring anxiety in the radiotherapy department. Eur J Cancer Care. 2022;31(2):e13564.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ebneshahidi A, Mohseni M. The effect of patient-selected music on early postoperative pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic profile in cesarean section surgery. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14(7):827–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trappe HJ. The effects of music on the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular health. Heart. 2010;96(23):1868–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lieber AC, Bose J, Zhang X, Seltzberg H, Loewy J, Rossetti A, et al. Effects of music therapy on anxiety and physiological parameters in angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11(4):416–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernando GVMC, Wanigabadu LU, Vidanagama B, Samaranayaka TSP, Jeewandara JMKC. Adjunctive effects of a short session of music on pain, low-mood and anxiety modulation among cancer patients–A randomized crossover clinical trial. Indian J Palliat Care. 2019;25(3):367–73.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andersen BL, DeRubeis RJ, Berman BS, Gruman J, Champion VL, Massie MJ, et al. Screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: an American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline adaptation. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(15):1605–19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rossetti A, Chadha M, Torres BN, Lee JK, Hylton D, Loewy JV, et al. The impact of music therapy on anxiety in cancer patients undergoing simulation for radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;99(1):103–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’steen L, Lockney NA, Morris CG, Johnson-Mallard V, Pereira D, Amdur RJ. A prospective Randomized Trial of the influence of music on anxiety in patients starting Radiation Therapy for Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021;109(3):670–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smith M, Casey L, Johnson D, Gwede C, Riggin OZ. Music as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety in patients receiving radiation therapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28(5):855–62.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mondanaro JF, Sara GA, Thachil R, Pranjić M, Rossetti A, EunHye Sim G, et al. The effects of clinical music therapy on resiliency in adults undergoing infusion: a Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021;61(6):1099–108.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang SM, Kulkarni L, Dolev J, Kain Z. Music and preoperative anxiety: a randomized,controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(6):1489–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghetti CM, Hama M, Woolrich J. Music therapy in wellness., introduction to approaches in music therapy. Introduction Approaches Music Therapy. 2004;pp.127–41.

Esen CSB, Yazici G, Hurmuz P, Ozyigit G, Zorlu F. The effect of video-based education on anxiety of patients receiving stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. J Cancer Educ. 2023;38(2):426–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bradt J, Dileo C, Magill L, Teague A. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016:(8):CD006911.

Lin MF, Hsieh YJ, Hsu TT, Fetzer S, Hsu MC. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of music therapy and verbal relaxation on chemotherapy-induced anxiety. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(7–8):988–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Zhou L, Wang Y. The effects of music intervention on burn patients during treatment procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):158.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loomba RS, Arora R, Shah PH, Chandrasekar S, Molnar J. Effects of music on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate: a meta-analysis. Indian Heart J. 2012;64(3):309–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leardi S, Pietroletti R, Angeloni G, Necozione S, Ranalletta G, Del Gusto B. Randomized clinical trial examining the effect of music therapy in stress response to day surgery. Br J Surg. 2007;94(8):943–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu YH, Chang MY, Chen CH. Effects of music therapy on labour pain and anxiety in Taiwanese first-time mothers. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(7–8):1065–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen LC, Wang TF, Shih YN, Wu LJ. Fifteen-minute music intervention reduces pre-radiotherapy anxiety in oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2013;17(4):436–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ownby KK. Use of the Distress Thermometer in Clinical Practice. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2019;10(2):175–9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu IC, Yen Jean MC, Lei SM, Cheng HH, Wang JD. BSRS-5 (5-item brief Symptom Rating Scale) scores affect every aspect of quality of life measured by WHOQOL-BREF in healthy workers. Qual Life Res. 2011;20(9):1469–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen HC, Wu CH, Lee YJ, Liao SC, Lee MB. Validity of the five-item brief Symptom Rating Scale among subjects admitted for general health screening. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104(11):824–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Hiratos MA. Music and its effect on anxiety in short waiting periods: a critical appraisal. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14(2):145–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harrison EC, Horin AP, Earhart GM. Mental singing reduces gait variability more than music listening for healthy older adults and people with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2019;43(4):204–11.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geissner E, Huetteroth A. Beck anxiety inventory German version-a reliable, valid, patientfriendly instrument for measuring clinical anxiety. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2018;68(3–4):118–25.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carlson LE, Zelinski EL, Toivonen KI, Sundstrom L, Jobin CT, Damaskos P, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial distress in cancer patients across 55 north American cancer centers. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2019;37(1):5–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck AT, Steer RA. Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1990.

Google Scholar 

Leyfer OT, Ruberg JL, Woodruff-Borden J. Examination of the utility of the Beck anxiety inventory and its factors as a screener for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20(4):444–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cormio C, Caporale F, Spatuzzi R, Lagattolla F, Lisi A, Graziano G. Psychosocial distress in oncology: using the distress thermometer for assessing risk classes. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(11):4115–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fydrich T, Dowdall D, Chambless DL. Reliability and validity of the Beck anxiety inventory. J Anxiety Disord. 1992;6(1):55–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gramaglia