Käyser SC, Dekkers T, Groenewoud HJ, van der Wilt GJ, Carel Bakx J, van der Wel MC et al (2016) Study heterogeneity and estimation of prevalence of primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and Meta-regression analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(7):2826–2835. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1472
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mulatero P, Monticone S, Deinum J, Amar L, Prejbisz A, Zennaro MC et al (2020) Genetics, prevalence, screening and confirmation of primary aldosteronism: a position statement and consensus of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 38(10):1919–1928. https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000002510
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hannah-Shmouni F, Melcescu E, Koch CA (2000) Testing for Endocrine Hypertension. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, editors. Endotext
Monticone S, Burrello J, Tizzani D, Bertello C, Viola A, Buffolo F et al (2017) Prevalence and clinical manifestations of primary Aldosteronism encountered in primary care practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 69(14):1811–1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.052
Hundemer GL, Curhan GC, Yozamp N, Wang M, Vaidya A (2018) Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 6(1):51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30367-4
Reincke M, Bancos I, Mulatero P, Scholl UI, Stowasser M, Williams TA (2021) Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9(12):876–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00210-2
Wannachalee T, Turcu AF (2020) Developments in primary Aldosteronism Subtyping using steroid profiling. Horm Metab Res 52(6):373–378. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1141-3526
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Reincke M (2017) Subtyping of patients with primary aldosteronism: an update. Horm Metab Res 49(12):922–928. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122602
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Williams TA, Lenders JWM, Mulatero P, Burrello J, Rottenkolber M, Adolf C et al (2017) Outcomes after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism: an international consensus on outcome measures and analysis of remission rates in an international cohort. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5(9):689–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30135-3
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Szabo Yamashita T, Shariq OA, Foster TR, Lyden ML, Dy BM, Young WF Jr. et al (2023) Unilateral adrenalectomy for primary Aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal Disease can result in Resolution of Hypokalemia and Amelioration of Hypertension. World J Surg 47(2):314–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-022-06780-x
Magill SB, Raff H, Shaker JL, Brickner RC, Knechtges TE, Kehoe ME et al (2001) Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and computed tomography in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(3):1066–1071. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.3.7282
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H et al (2016) The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(5):1889–1916. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-4061
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Monticone S, Viola A, Rossato D, Veglio F, Reincke M, Gomez-Sanchez C et al (2015) Adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: towards a standardised protocol. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(4):296–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70069-5
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Puar TH, Loh WJ, Lim DS, Loh LM, Zhang M, Foo RS et al (2020) Aldosterone-potassium ratio predicts primary aldosteronism subtype. J Hypertens 38(7):1375–1383. https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000002348
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nagano H, Kono T, Saiga A, Kubota Y, Fujimoto M, Felizola SJA et al (2020) Aldosterone Reduction Rate after saline infusion test may be a Novel prediction in patients with primary Aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(3). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz092
Zhang W, Wang J, Shao M, Zhao Y, Ji H, Guo F et al (2022) The performance of left/right adrenal volume ratio and volume difference in predicting unilateral primary aldosteronism. J Endocrinol Invest doi. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-022-01912-5
Schneller J, Reiser M, Beuschlein F, Osswald A, Pallauf A, Riester A et al (2014) Linear and volumetric evaluation of the adrenal gland—MDCT-based measurements of the adrenals. Academic radiology 21(11):1465-74
Velema MS, Canu L, Dekkers T, Hermus A, Timmers H, Schultze Kool LJ et al (2021) Volumetric evaluation of CT images of adrenal glands in primary aldosteronism. J Endocrinol Invest 44(11):2359–2366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01540-5
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li S, Sun H, Ma L, Zhu Y, Xie W, Sun J et al (2020) Left-versus-right-adrenal-volume ratio as a screening index before adrenal venous sampling to identify unilateral primary aldosteronism patients. J Hypertens 38(2):347–353. https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000002271
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Burrello J, Burrello A, Pieroni J, Sconfienza E, Forestiero V, Rabbia P et al (2020) Development and Validation of Prediction models for Subtype diagnosis of patients with primary Aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(10). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa379
Young WF, Stanson AW, Thompson GB, Grant CS, Farley DR, van Heerden JA (2004) Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery 136(6):1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2004.06.051
Rossi GP, Auchus RJ, Brown M, Lenders JW, Naruse M, Plouin PF et al (2014) An expert consensus statement on use of adrenal vein sampling for the subtyping of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 63(1):151–160
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kocjan T, Jensterle M, Vidmar G, Vrckovnik R, Berden P, Stankovic M (2020) Adrenal vein sampling for primary aldosteronism: a 15-year national referral center experience. Radiol Oncol 54(4):409–418. https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0052
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Williams TA, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Rainey WE, Giordano TJ, Lam AK, Marker A et al (2021) International Histopathology Consensus for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(1):42–54. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa484
Küpers EM, Amar L, Raynaud A, Plouin PF, Steichen O (2012) A clinical prediction score to diagnose unilateral primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(10):3530–3537. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1917
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sze WC, Soh LM, Lau JH, Reznek R, Sahdev A, Matson M et al (2014) Diagnosing unilateral primary aldosteronism - comparison of a clinical prediction score, computed tomography and adrenal venous sampling. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81(1):25–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12374
Riester A, Fischer E, Degenhart C, Reiser MF, Bidlingmaier M, Beuschlein F et al (2014) Age below 40 or a recently proposed clinical prediction score cannot bypass adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(6):E1035–E1039. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3789
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Niu W, Zheng F, Zhang H, Zhou W, Shen Z et al (2017) Identifying unilateral disease in Chinese patients with primary aldosteronism by using a modified prediction score. J Hypertens 35(12):2486–2492. https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000001488
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nanba K, Tsuiki M, Nakao K, Nanba A, Usui T, Tagami T et al (2014) A subtype prediction score for primary aldosteronism. J Hum Hypertens 28(12):716–720. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2014.20
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Leung HT, Woo YC, Fong CHY, Tan KCB, Lau EYF, Chan KW et al (2020) A clinical prediction score using age at diagnosis and saline infusion test parameters can predict aldosterone-producing adenoma from idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. J Endocrinol Invest 43(3):347–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-01114-6
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kocjan T, Janez A, Stankovic M, Vidmar G, Jensterle M (2016) A new clinical prediction criterion accurately determines a subset of patients with bilateral primary aldosteronism before adrenal venous sampling. Endocr Pract 22(5):587–594. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep15982.Or
Kobayashi H, Haketa A, Ueno T, Ikeda Y, Hatanaka Y, Tanaka S et al (2017) Scoring system for the diagnosis of bilateral primary aldosteronism in the outpatient setting before adrenal venous sampling. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 86(4):467–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13278
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Boulkroun S, Samson-Couterie B, Dzib J-FG, Lefebvre H, Louiset E, Amar L et al (2010) Adrenal cortex remodeling and functional zona glomerulosa hyperplasia in primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 56(5):885–892
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Degenhart C, Schneller J, Osswald A, Pallauf A, Riester A, Reiser MF et al (2017) Volumetric and densitometric evaluation of the adrenal glands in patients with primary aldosteronism. Clin Endocrinol 86(3):325–331
Mete O, Erickson LA, Juhlin CC, de Krijger RR, Sasano H, Volante M et al (2022) Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of adrenal cortical tumors. Endocr Pathol 33(1):155–196
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shi S, Tian Y, Ren Y, Li Q, Li L, Yu M et al (2022) A new machine learning-based prediction model for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:1005934. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1005934
Comments (0)