APASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure

Sarin SK, Chandan K, Zaigham A, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int. 2014;8:453–471

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int. 2009;3(269):282

Google Scholar 

Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update [published correction appears in Hepatol Int. 2019 Nov, 13(6), pp. 826–828]. Hepatol Int. 2019;13:353–390

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piano S, Tonon M, Vettore E, et al. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of acute-on-chronic liver failure in outpatients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2017;67(6):1177–1184

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu T, Li J, Shao L, et al. Development of diagnostic criteria and a prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut. 2018;67(12):2181–2191. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314641

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 2023;79:461–491

Article  Google Scholar 

Trebicka J, Fernandez J, Papp M, PREDICT STUDY group of the EASL-CLIF CONSORTIUM, et al. PREDICT identifies precipitating events associated with the clinical course of acutely decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74:1097–1108

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jalan R, Yurdaydin C, Bajaj JS, et al. Toward an improved definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gastroenterology. 2014;147:4–10

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Devarbhavi H, Choudhury AK, Sharma MK, et al. Drug-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in Asian patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114:929–937

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Sarin SK, Moreau R. Acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:245–257

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Kumar S, Chandel SS, et al. AKI in patients with acute on chronic liver failure is different from acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2015;9:627–639

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Sarin SK, Kumar S, et al. Development of predisposition, injury, response, organ failure model for predicting acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure. Liver Int. 2017;37:1497–1507

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Rastogi A, Pasupuleti SSR, et al. Natural history, spectrum and outcome of stage 3 AKI in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int. 2022;42:2800–2814

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, Nadim MK, et al. News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: a step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document. J Hepatol. 2019;7:811–822

Article  Google Scholar 

Amathieu R, Al-Khafaji A, Sileanu FEF, et al. Significance of oliguria in critically ill patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2017;66:1592–1600

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bianchi NA, Stavart LL, Altarelli M, et al. Association of oliguria with acute kidney injury diagnosis, severity assessment, and mortality among patients with critical illness. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;1(4): e2133094

Article  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Pasupuleti SSR, Chandel SS, et al. Co-orchestration of acute kidney injury and non-kidney organ failures in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2021;41:1358–1369

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, et al. Acute Disease Quality Initiative Workgroup 16. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:241–257

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Pasupuleti SSR, Hidam AK, et al. Non-resolution of acute kidney injury in the first week portends the development of chronic kidney disease in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17639

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choudhury A, Kumar M, Sharma BC, APASL ACLF working party, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute-on-chronic liver failure: relevance of ‘golden window’: a prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:1989–1997

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clària J, Stauber RE, Coenraad MJ, CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL-CLIF Consortium and the European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), et al. Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology. 2016;64:1249–1264

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arroyo V, Angeli P, Moreau R, Investigators from the EASL-CLIF Consortium, Grifols Chair and European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif), et al. The systemic inflammation hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm of acute decompensation and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74:670–685

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moreau R, Clària J, Aguilar F, CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL Clif Consortium; Grifols Chair; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), et al. Blood metabolomics uncovers inflammation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying ACLF. J Hepatol. 2020;72:688–701

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zaccherini G, Aguilar F, Caraceni P, et al. Assessing the role of amino acids in systemic inflammation and organ failure in patients with ACLF. J Hepatol. 2021;74:1117–1131

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clària J, Moreau R, Fenaille F, CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL Clif Consortium, Grifols Chair and the European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), et al. Orchestration of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, acute decompensation, and acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2019;69:1686–1701

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Slambrouck CM, Salem F, Meehan SM, et al. Bile cast nephropathy is a common pathologic finding for kidney injury associated with severe liver dysfunction. Kidney Int. 2013;84:192–197

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fickert P, Rosenkranz AR. Cholemic nephropathy reloaded. Semin Liver Dis. 2020;40:91–100

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hofmann AF, Hagey LR. Bile acids: chemistry, pathochemistry, biology, pathobiology, and therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008;65:2461–2483

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee J, Azzaroli F, Wang L, et al. Adaptive regulation of bile salt transporters in kidney and liver in obstructive cholestasis in the rat. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1473–1484

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krones E, Eller K, Pollheimer MJ, et al. NorUrsodeoxycholic acid ameliorates cholemic nephropathy in bile duct ligated mice. J Hepatol. 2017;67:110–119

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bräsen JH, Mederacke YS, Schmitz J, et al. Cholemic nephropathy causes acute kidney injury and is accompanied by loss of aquaporin 2 in collecting ducts. Hepatology. 2019;69:2107–2119

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nayak SL, Kumar M, Bihari C, et al. Bile cast nephropathy in patients with acute kidney injury due to hepatorenal syndrome: a post-mortem kidney biopsy study. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2017;28(5):92–100

Google Scholar 

Kuwabara S, Goggins E, Okusa MD. The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(7):1050–1069. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00850122

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maiwall R, Kumar G, Bharadwaj A, et al. AKI persistence at 48 h predicts mortality in patients with acute on chronic liver failure. Hepatol Int. 2017;11(6):529–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-017-9822-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, et al. Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1756-4. (Published 2019 Jan 3)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qin N, Yang F, Li A, et al. Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature. 2014;513(7516):59–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13568

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Kim CJ, Go YS, et al. Intestinal microbiota control acute kidney injury severity by immune modulation. Kidney Int. 2020;98(4):932–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.048

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, et al. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:241–257

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patidar KR, Naved MA, Grama A, et al. Acute kidney disease is common and associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury. J Hepatol. 2022;77:108–115

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tonon M, Rosi S, Gambino CG, et al. Natural history of acute kidney disease in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74:578–583

Article  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif