Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:897–902.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Topilsky Y, Maltais S, Medina Inojosa J, et al. Burden of tricuspid regurgitation in patients diagnosed in the community setting. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12:433–42.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee RC, Friedman SE, Kono AT, Greenberg ML, Palac RT. Tricuspid regurgitation following implantation of endocardial leads: incidence and predictors. PACE. 2015;38:1267–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hahn RT. Tricuspid Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1876–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Tatum R, Maynes EJ, Wood CT, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation associated with implantable electrical device insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PACE. 2021;44:1297–302. Findings from this study suggest an association between CIED leads and tricuspid regurgitation. CIED leads are a common cause of TR.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Gabriels JK, Schaller RD, Koss E, Rutkin BJ, Carrillo RG, Epstein LM. Lead management in patients undergoing percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement or repair: a ‘heart team’ approach. EP Europace 2023;25(11):euad300. This study portrays the importance of managing trans-tricuspid valve leads via a multidisciplinary approach by the heart team.

Paniagua D, Aldrich HR, Lieberman EH, Lamas GA, Agatston AS. Increased prevalence of significant tricuspid regurgitation in patients with transvenous pacemakers leads. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:1130–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rubio PA, al-Bassam MS. Pacemaker-lead puncture of the tricuspid valve. Successful diagnosis and treatment. Chest. 1991;99:1519–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andreas M, Gremmel F, Habertheuer A, et al. Case report: pacemaker lead perforation of a papillary muscle inducing severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;10:39.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Addetia K, Maffessanti F, Mediratta A, et al. Impact of implantable transvenous device lead location on severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2014;27:1164–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein AE, Kay GN, Plumb VJ, Dailey SM, Anderson PG. Gross and microscopic pathological changes associated with nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator leads. Circulation. 1998;98:1517–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mutlak D, Aronson D, Lessick J, Reisner SA, Dabbah S, Agmon Y. Functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension: is pulmonary artery pressure the only determinant of regurgitation severity? Chest. 2009;135:115–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delling FN, Hassan ZK, Piatkowski G, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation and mortality in patients with transvenous permanent pacemaker leads. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117:988–92.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Höke U, Auger D, Thijssen J, et al. Significant lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation is associated with poor prognosis at long-term follow-up. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2014;100:960–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taramasso M, Gavazzoni M, Pozzoli A, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation: predicting the need for intervention, procedural success, and recurrence of disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12:605–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Q, Bowdish ME, Malas J, et al. Isolated tricuspid operations: the society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2023;115:1162–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zack CJ, Fender EA, Chandrashekar P, et al. National trends and outcomes in isolated tricuspid valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:2953–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Godart F, Baruteau A-E, Petit J, et al. Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation: a multicentre French study. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;107:583–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webb JG, Chuang A, Meier D, et al. Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement with the EVOQUE system: 1-year outcomes of a multicenter, first-in-human experience. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2022;15:481–91.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Anderson JH, McElhinney DB, Aboulhosn J, et al. Management and outcomes of transvenous pacing leads in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. JACC Cardiovascular interventions. 2020;13:2012–20. Finding in this large sample size study shows that TTVR in the setting of trans-TV pacemaker leads without lead extraction or re-replacement can be performed safely with a low risk for complications.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai M, Cai C, Vaibhav V, et al. Trends of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection in 3 decades a population-based study. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2019;5:1071–80.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e503–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan EM, DeSimone DC, Sohail MR, et al. Outcomes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection managed with chronic antibiotic suppression. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2017;64:1516–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ibrahim R, Bhatia N, Merchant FM, El-Chami MF. Managing transvenous right ventricular leads in the era of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions. HeartRhythm case reports. 2022;8:692–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mumtaz M, Demirtas AO, Ozier D, Singh SM. Syncope after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2022;15:1992–3.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bongiorni MG, Kennergren C, Butter C, et al. The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled (ELECTRa) study: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) registry of transvenous lead extraction outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2995–3005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Polewczyk A, Jacheć W, Nowosielecka D, et al. Tricuspid valve damage related to transvenous lead extraction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12279.

Park S-J, Gentry JL, Varma N, et al. Transvenous extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads and the risk of tricuspid valve regurgitation. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2018;4:1421–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sidhu BS, Gould J, Bunce C, et al. The effect of centre volume and procedure location on major complications and mortality from transvenous lead extraction: an ESC EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry subanalysis. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2020;22:1718–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moore SKL, Chau KH, Chaudhary S, et al. Leadless pacemaker implantation: a feasible and reasonable option in transcatheter heart valve replacement patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2019;42:542–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eleid MF, Blauwet LA, Cha YM, et al. Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve regurgitation associated with pacemaker or defibrillator lead implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:813–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haydin S, Saygi M, Ergul Y, et al. Subxiphoid approach to epicardial implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in children. PACE. 2013;36:926–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pokall S, Hörer J, Schreiber C. Combined epicardial and transvenous placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead without a median sternotomy in an 8-year-old child. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;34:1996–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blank E, Shah AD, Rosenblum JM, Lloyd MS. “Valve-sparing” transvenous defibrillator systems after tricuspid valve intervention. Heart Rhythm. 2021;18:2212–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lloyd MS, Brisben AJ, Reddy VY, et al. Design and rationale of the MODULAR ATP global clinical trial: a novel intercommunicative leadless pacing system and the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2023;O2(4):448–56.

Article  Google Scholar 

Greenspon AJ, Patel JD, Lau E, et al. Trends in permanent pacemaker implantation in the United States from 1993 to 2009: increasing complexity of patients and procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1540–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar