Dent J et al (2012) Systematic review: patterns of reflux-induced symptoms and esophageal endoscopic findings in large-scale surveys. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(8):863-873.e3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peery AF et al (2019) Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2018. Gastroenterology 156(1):254-272.e11

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mittal R, Vaezi MF (2020) Esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease. N Engl J Med 383(20):1961–1972

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vakil N (2012) Prescribing proton pump inhibitors: is it time to pause and rethink? Drugs 72(4):437–445

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heidelbaugh JJ et al (2012) Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: what the clinician needs to know. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 5(4):219–232

Article  Google Scholar 

Savarino V et al (2017) The appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): need for a reappraisal. Eur J Intern Med 37:19–24

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ (2017) When is proton pump inhibitor use appropriate? BMC Med 15(1):36

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schoenfeld AJ, Grady D (2016) Adverse effects associated with proton pump inhibitors. JAMA Intern Med 176(2):172–174

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jenkins H et al (2015) Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 41(7):636–648

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Echizen H (2016) The first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan fumarate: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 55(4):409–418

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen F et al (2020) In Vitro and in vivo rat model assessments of the effects of vonoprazan on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine. Drug Des Dev Ther 14:4815–4824

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Garnock-Jones KP (2015) Vonoprazan: first global approval. Drugs 75(4):439–443

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kong WM et al (2020) Physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for prediction of vonoprazan pharmacokinetics and its inhibition on gastric acid secretion following intravenous/oral administration to rats, dogs and humans. Acta Pharmacol Sin 41(6):852–865

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hori Y et al (2011) A study comparing the antisecretory effect of TAK-438, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, with lansoprazole in animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 337(3):797–804

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiao Y et al (2017) Study on pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of Vonoprazan pyroglutamate in rats by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 1059:56–65

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sakurai Y et al (2015) Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single rising TAK-438 (Vonoprazan) doses in healthy male Japanese/non-Japanese subjects. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 6(6):e94

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suzuki T et al (2018) Comparison of effect of an increased dosage of vonoprazan versus vonoprazan plus lafutidine on gastric acid inhibition and serum gastrin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 74(1):45–52

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sakurai Y et al (2016) Pharmacokinetics and safety of triple therapy with vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin or metronidazole: a phase 1, open-label, randomized, crossover study. Adv Ther 33(9):1519–1535

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sakurai Y et al (2015) Acid-inhibitory effects of vonoprazan 20 mg compared with esomeprazole 20 mg or rabeprazole 10 mg in healthy adult male subjects–a randomised open-label cross-over study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 42(6):719–730

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jenkins H, Jenkins R, Patat A (2017) Effect of multiple oral doses of the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of vonoprazan: a phase I, open-label, sequential design study. Clin Drug Investig 37(3):311–316

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suckow M et al (2019) The laboratory rat. Elsevier, Amsterdam

Google Scholar 

Schneider NI et al (2013) Pancreatic acinar cells: a normal finding at the gastroesophageal junction? Data from a prospective Central European multicenter study. Virchows Arch 463(5):643–650

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang HH et al (1996) Prevalence and significance of pancreatic acinar metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction. Am J Surg Pathol 20(12):1507–1510

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al Salihi S et al (2019) Pancreatic acinar metaplasia in distal esophageal biopsies is associated with chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Arch Pathol Lab Med 143(4):510–512

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Glickman JN et al (2002) Morphology of the cardia and significance of carditis in pediatric patients. Am J Surg Pathol 26(8):1032–1039

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krishnamurthy S, Dayal Y (1995) Pancreatic metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. An immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 19(10):1172–1180

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

el-Zimaity HM et al (2000) The gastric cardia in gastro-oesophageal disease. J Clin Pathol 53(8):619–625

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chlumská A et al (2005) Autoimmune gastritis. A clinicopathologic study of 25 cases. Cesk Patol 41(4):137–42

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jhala NC et al (2003) Pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia in autoimmune gastritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127(7):854–857

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johansson J et al (2005) Prevalence of precancerous and other metaplasia in the distal oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction. Scand J Gastroenterol 40(8):893–902

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hagiwara T et al (2007) Development of pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia after successful administration of omeprazole for 6 months in rats. Dig Dis Sci 52(5):1219–1224

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsukawa J et al (2016) Radiographic localization study of a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, in the rat gastric mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 61(7):1888–1894

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kubo K et al (2020) Vonoprazan-associated gastric mucosal redness: a report of four cases. Intern Med 59(4):507–511

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mills JC, Goldenring JR (2017) Metaplasia in the stomach arises from gastric chief cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(1):85–88

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leushacke M et al (2017) Lgr5-expressing chief cells drive epithelial regeneration and cancer in the oxyntic stomach. Nat Cell Biol 19(7):774–786

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burclaff J et al (2020) Proliferation and differentiation of gastric mucous neck and chief cells during homeostasis and injury-induced metaplasia. Gastroenterology 158(3):598-609.e5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huh WJ et al (2012) Tamoxifen induces rapid, reversible atrophy, and metaplasia in mouse stomach. Gastroenterology 142(1):21-24.e7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang YSH et al (2020) Long-term proton pump inhibitor administration caused physiological and microbiota changes in rats. Sci Rep 10(1):866

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sengupta P (2013) The laboratory rat: relating its age with human’s. Int J Prev Med 4(6):624–630

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar