Acknowledgements

This study was presented in oral form at the 66th ADA’s annual Scientific Sessions, 2006.

Data availability

Datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study was supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, the European Union and Diabetes UK.

Authors’ relationships and activities

ST reports having received research support from Procter and Gamble and Viatris, and receipt of honoraria of consulting fees from Nevro, Bayer, Worwag Pharma, Angelini and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. ST also reports participation in company sponsored speaker’s bureau for Viatris, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Merck, Eva Pharma, Hikma, Grunenthal, Astellas Pharma, Abbott, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, P&G, Worwag Pharma, Nevro and Haisco Pharmaceutical Group. The other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

Contribution statement

JE, GS and ST wrote the manuscript. LS analysed the data. NC, JF PK and ST participated in study design. JE, LS, NC, GS, DS, GC, RG, PK, JF and ST participated in data interpretation and manuscript editing. All authors gave approval of the final version submitted. ST is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study investigators

In addition to the authors, the following investigators participated in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study: B. Karamanos, A. Kofinis and K. Petrou (Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece); F. Giorgino, G. Picca, A. Angarano, G. De Pergola, L. Laviola and R. Giorgino (Endocrinologia e Malattie Metaboliche, DETO, Università Degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy); M. Songini, A. Casu, M. Pedron, S. Pintus and M. Fossarello (Ospedale San Michele, Cagliari, Italy); J. B. Ferriss, G. Grealy and D. O. Keefe (Cork Regional Hospital, Cork, Ireland); M. Toeller and C. Arden (Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany); R. Rottiers, C. Tuyttens and H. Priem (University Hospital of Gent, Belgium); P. Ebeling, M. Kylliäinen and V. A. Koivisto (University Hospital of Helsinki, Finland); B. Idzior-Walus, J. Sieradzki and K. Cyganek (Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland); H. H. P. J. Lemkes and M. Krans (Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands); J. Nunes-Correa, M. C. Rogado, L. Gardete-Correia, M. C. Cardoso, A. Silva, J. Boavida and M. Machado Sa Marques (Portuguese Diabetic Association, Lisbon, Portugal); G. Michel, R. Wirion and S. Cardillo (Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg); G. Pozza, R. Mangili and V. Asnaghi (Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy); E. Standl, B. Schaffler, H. Brand and A. Harms (City Hospital Schwabing, Munich, Germany); B. Soussan, O. Verier-Mine, P. Fallas and M. C. Fallas (Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, France); J. H. Fuller, J. Holloway, L. Asbury and D. J. Betteridge (University College, London, UK); G. Cathelineau, A. Bouallouche and B. Villatte Cathelineau (Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, France); F. Santeusanio, G. Rosi, V. D'Alessandro, C. Cagini, P. Bottini and P. Reboldi (Instituto di Patologia Medica, Policlinico, Perugia, Italy); R. Navalesi, G. Penno, S. Bandinelli, R. Miccoli and M. Nannipieri (Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Pisa, Italy); G. Ghirlanda, C. Saponara, P. Cotroneo, A. Manto and A. Minnella (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy); J. D. Ward, S. Tesfaye, S. Eaton and C. Mody (Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK); M. Borra, P. Cavallo Perin, S. Giunti, G. Grassi, G. F. Pagano, M. Porta, R. Sivieri, F. Vitelli and D. Ferrari (Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Torino and ASO CTO-CRF Maria Adelaide, Turin, Italy); N. Papazoglou and C. Manes (General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece); M. Muggeo and M. Iagulli (V Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, Verona, Italy); K. Irsigler and H. Abrahamian (Hospital Vienna Lainz, Austria); S. Walford, J. Sinclair, S. Hughes, V. McLelland and J. Ward (New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK); G. Roglic, Z. Metelko, Z. R. Pepeonik and Z. Babic (Vuk Vrhovac Institute for Diabetes, Zagreb, Croatia); and C. Ionescu-Tirgoviste, A. Coszma and C. Guja (Clinic of Diabetes, Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania).

Co-ordinating centre J. H. Fuller, N. Chaturvedi, J. Holloway, D. Webb, L. Asbury, M. Shipley and S. J. Livingstone, University College London, London, UK.

Central laboratories G.-C. Viberti, R. Swaminathan, P. Lumb, A. Collins and S. Sankaralingham, Guy’s and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.