Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063.

DeFilippis EM, Beale A, Martin T, et al. Heart Failure Subtypes and Cardiomyopathies in Women. Circ Res. 2022;130(4):436–54. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319900.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lala A, Tayal U, Hamo CE, et al. Sex Differences in Heart Failure. J Card Fail. 2022;28(3):477–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.10.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris AA, Khazanie P, Drazner MH, et al. Guidance for Timely and Appropriate Referral of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(15). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001016.

DeFilippis EM, Blumer V, Morris AA, Cogswell R. Referring Women for Advanced Heart Failure Therapies: Too Little, Too Late. J Card Fail. Published online January 31, 2022:S1071–9164(22)00035–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.12.022.

Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Killian JM, et al. Advanced Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(10):722–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2021.05.009.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Subramaniam A, Van Houten H, Redfield MM, et al. Advanced Heart Failure Characteristics and Outcomes in Commercially Insured U.S. Adults. JACC Heart Fail. Published online August 2023:S2213177923003827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.029.

Wong SC, Sleeper LA, Monrad ES, et al. Absence of gender differences in clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. A report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(5):1395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01581-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rubinstein G, Lotan D, Moeller CM, et al. Sex differences in patients undergoing heart transplantation and LVAD therapy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2022;20(11):881–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2022.2149493.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fengler K, Fuernau G, Desch S, et al. Gender differences in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial. Clin Res Cardiol Off J Ger Card Soc. 2015;104(1):71–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-014-0767-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chan E, Rooprai J, Rodger J, et al. Sex-based differences in referral of heart failure patients to outpatient clinics: a scoping review. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(6):3702–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14143.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Herr JJ, Ravichandran A, Sheikh FH, et al. Practices of Referring Patients to Advanced Heart Failure Centers. J Card Fail. 2021;27(11):1251–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.05.024.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moayedi Y, Fan CPS, Cherikh WS, et al. Survival Outcomes After Heart Transplantation: Does Recipient Sex Matter? Circ Heart Fail. 2019;12(10):e006218. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006218.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hsich EM, Blackstone EH, Thuita L, et al. Sex Differences in Mortality Based on United Network for Organ Sharing Status While Awaiting Heart Transplantation. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003635.

Gruen J, Caraballo C, Miller PE, et al. Sex Differences in Patients Receiving Left Ventricular Assist Devices for End-Stage Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(9):770–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2020.04.015.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeFilippis EM, Truby LK, Garan AR, et al. Sex-Related Differences in Use and Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation. JACC Heart Fail. 2019;7(3):250–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2019.01.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pandey A, Omar W, Ayers C, et al. Sex and Race Differences in Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018;137(17):1814–23. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031622.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Colvin M, Smith JM, Ahn Y, et al. OPTN/SRTR 2020 Annual Data Report: Heart. Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transpl Surg. 2022;22(Suppl 2):350–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16977.

Article  Google Scholar 

Breathett K, Yee E, Pool N, et al. Association of Gender and Race With Allocation of Advanced Heart Failure Therapies. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011044. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11044.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Breathett K, Yee E, Pool N, et al. Association of Gender and Race With Allocation of Advanced Heart Failure Therapies. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2011044. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11044.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aaronson KD, Schwartz JS, Goin JE, Mancini DM. Sex differences in patient acceptance of cardiac transplant candidacy. Circulation. 1995;91(11):2753–61. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.91.11.2753.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Steinberg RS, Nayak A, O’Connell C, et al. Sex differences in eligibility for advanced heart failure therapies. Clin Transplant. 2020;34(5):e13839. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.13839.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

DeFilippis EM, Kransdorf EP, Jaiswal A, et al. Detection and management of HLA sensitization in candidates for adult heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant Off Publ Int Soc Heart Transplant. Published online December 27, 2022:S1053–2498(22)02274–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2022.12.019.

Grupper A, Nestorovic EM, Daly RC, et al. Sex Related Differences in the Risk of Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Subsequent Allograft Vasculopathy Post-Heart Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Transplant Direct. 2016;2(10):e106. https://doi.org/10.1097/TXD.0000000000000616.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chih S, Patel J. Desensitization strategies in adult heart transplantation-Will persistence pay off? J Heart Lung Transplant Off Publ Int Soc Heart Transplant. 2016;35(8):962–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2016.03.021.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sriwattanakomen R, Xu Q, Demehin M, et al. Impact of carfilzomib-based desensitization on heart transplantation of sensitized candidates. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2021;40(7):595–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.03.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hundt MA, Tien C, Kahn JA. Addressing sex-based disparities in liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2023;28(2):110–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0000000000001040.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salas MAP, Chua E, Rossi A, et al. Sex and gender disparity in kidney transplantation: Historical and future perspectives. Clin Transplant. 2022;36(12):e14814. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.14814.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sawinski D, Lai JC, Pinney S, et al. Addressing sex-based disparities in solid organ transplantation in the United States - a conference report. Am J Transplant Off J Am Soc Transplant Am Soc Transpl Surg. 2023;23(3):316–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hsich EM, Blackstone EH, Thuita L, et al. Sex Differences in Mortality Based on United Network for Organ Sharing Status While Awaiting Heart Transplantation. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(6):e003635. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003635. This study showed that, in the pre-2018 heart allocation system, women had significantly higher waitlist mortality as compared to men when listed as Status 1A and Status 1B even after adjusting for over 20 clinical variables.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsich EM, Starling RC, Blackstone EH, et al. Does the UNOS heart transplant allocation system favor men over women? JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(4):347–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2014.03.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeFilippis EM, Truby LK, Garan AR, et al. Sex-Related Differences in Use and Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation. JACC Heart Fail. 2019;7(3):250–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2019.01.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Regitz-Zagrosek V, Petrov G, Lehmkuhl E, et al. Heart transplantation in women with dilated cardiomyopathy. Transplantation. 2010;89(2):236–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181c35255.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Defilippis EM, Truby LK, Clerkin KJ, et al. Increased Opportunities for Transplantation for Women in the New Heart Allocation System. J Card Fail. 2022;28(7):1149–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.03.354.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoosain J, Hankins S. Time Is a Precious Commodity: 2018 OPTN Policy Change and the Potential to Lower Heart Transplant Waitlist Time in the Sickest Patients. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019;21(7):67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-019-1150-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeFilippis EM, Masotti M, Blumer V, Maharaj V, Cogswell R. Sex-Specific Outcomes of Candidates Listed as the Highest Priority Status for Heart Transplantation. Circ Heart Fail. Published online May 26, 2023:e009946. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.009946. This analysis from the UNOS/OPTN registry found that in the 2018 heart allocation system, women listed as Status 1 had a significantly lower rate of transplantation and a significantly higher rate of death or delisting. These findings were not fully explained by calculated panel reactive antibody levels.

Jalowiec A, Grady KL, White-Williams C. Mortality, rehospitalization, and post-transplant complications in gender-mismatched heart transplant recipients. Heart Lung J Crit Care. 2017;46(4):265–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.04.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bergenfeldt H, Stehlik J, Höglund P, Andersson B, Nilsson J. Donor-recipient size matching and mortality in heart transplantation: Influence of body mass index and gender. J Heart Lung Transplant Off Publ Int Soc Heart Transplant. 2017;36(9):940–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2017.02.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Welp H, Spieker T, Erren M, Scheld HH, Baba HA, Stypmann J. Sex Mismatch in Heart Transplantation Is Associated With Increased Number of Severe Rejection Episodes and Shorter Long-Term Survival. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(6):2579–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.098.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kittleson MM, Shemin R, Patel JK, et al. Donor–recipient sex mismatch portends poor 10-year outcomes in a single-center experience. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30(9):1018–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2011.03.018.

Article  PubMed