Naeye RL, Peters EC. Causes and consequences of premature rupture of fetal membranes. Lancet. 1980;315(8161):192–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mercer BM, Crouse DT, Goldenberg RL, et al. The antibiotic treatment of PPROM study: systemic maternal and fetal markers and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(2):145. e1-145. e9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, et al. Late preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes: fetal inflammatory response and neonatal outcome. Pediatr Res. 2018;83(3):630–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caughey AB, Robinson JN, Norwitz ER. Contemporary diagnosis and management of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1(1):11.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Swiatkowska-Freund M, Traczyk-Łos A, Partyka A, et al. Perinatal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of gestation. Ginekol Pol. 2019;90(11):645–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waters TP, Mercer BM. The management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes near the limit of fetal viability. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(3):230–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, et al. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75–84.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel RM. Short-and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(03):318–28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhandari A, McGrath-Morrow S. Long-term pulmonary outcomes of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol. 2013;37(2):132–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herzlich J, Mangel L, Halperin A, et al. Neonatal outcomes in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at periviable gestational age. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):11999.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manuck TA, Varner MW. Neonatal and early childhood outcomes following early vs later preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(3):308. e1-308. e6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi EK, Kim SY, Heo JM, et al. Perinatal outcomes associated with latency in late preterm premature rupture of membranes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):672.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boettcher LB, Clark EAS. Neonatal and childhood outcomes following preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2020;47(4):671–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soylu H, Jefferies A, Diambomba Y, et al. Rupture of membranes before the age of viability and birth after the age of viability: comparison of outcomes in a matched cohort study. J Perinatol. 2010;30(10):645–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li S, Zhang M, Tian H, et al. Preterm birth and risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15(10):804–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kajantie E, Hovi P. Is very preterm birth a risk factor for adult cardiometabolic disease? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;19(2):112–211.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quintero RA, Morales WJ, Kalter CS, et al. Transabdominal intra-amniotic endoscopic assessment of previable premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(1):71–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beckmann MW, Wiegratz I, Dereser MM, et al. Diagnostik des Blasensprungs: Vergleich des vaginalen Nachweises von fetalem Fibronectin und der intraamnialen Injektion von Indigo Carmine. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1993;53(02):86–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tseng SCG, Espana EM, Kawakita T, et al. How does amniotic membrane work? Ocul Surf. 2004;2(3):177–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hay ED. Extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol. 1981;91(3 Pt 2):205s–23s.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menon R, Richardson LS. Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: a disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41(7):409–19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Munoz-Torres JR, Martínez-González SB, Lozano-Luján AD, et al. Biological properties and surgical applications of the human amniotic membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;10:1067480.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Díaz-Prado S, Muiños-López E, Hermida-Gómez T, et al. Human amniotic membrane as an alternative source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Differentiation. 2011;81(3):162–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toothaker JM, Presicce P, Cappelletti M, et al. Immune cells in the placental villi contribute to intra-amniotic inflammation. Front Immunol. 2020;11:866.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Llorca T, Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Martinez-Aguilar R, et al. Decidualized human decidual stromal cells inhibit chemotaxis of activated T cells: a potential mechanism of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1223539.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nadeau HCG, Subramaniam A, Andrews WW. Infection and preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;21(2):100–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chu DM, Seferovic M, Pace RM, et al. The microbiome in preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;52:103–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marom Y, Gengrinovitch S, Shalev E, et al. Collagen bundling and alignment in equibiaxially stretched human amnion. J Biomech. 2020;108:109896.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menon R, Boldogh I, Hawkins HK, et al. Histological evidence of oxidative stress and premature senescence in preterm premature rupture of the human fetal membranes recapitulated in vitro. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(6):1740–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dutta EH, Behnia F, Boldogh I, et al. Oxidative stress damage-associated molecular signaling pathways differentiate spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Mol Hum Reprod. 2016;22(2):143–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Armstrong-Wells J, Donnelly M, Post MD, et al. Inflammatory predictors of neurologic disability after preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(2):212. e1-212. e9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Behnia F, Sheller S, Menon R. Mechanistic differences leading to infectious and sterile inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016;75(5):505–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonney EA, Krebs K, Saade G, et al. Differential senescence in feto-maternal tissues during mouse pregnancy. Placenta. 2016;43:26–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mogami H, Word RA. Healing mechanism of ruptured fetal membrane. Front Physiol. 2020;11:623.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mercer BM, Lewis R. Preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes: diagnosis and management. Infect Dis Clin. 1997;11(1):177–201.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee KN, Park KH, Ahn K, et al. Extracellular matrix-related and serine protease proteins in the amniotic fluid of women with early preterm labor: association with spontaneous preterm birth, intra-amniotic inflammation, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2023;90(1):e13736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katzman PJ, Metlay LA. Fetal inflammatory response is often present at early stages of intra-amniotic infection, and its distribution along cord is variable. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2010;13(4):265–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gondo K, Yamasaki F, Nomiyama M, et al. Relationship of maternal inflammatory response and fetal inflammatory response to duration and intensity of intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. Placenta. 2023;137:23–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yap V, Perlman JM. Mechanisms of brain injury in newborn infants associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;25(4):101110.

Article  PubMed